Applications and analysis of hydrolysates in animal cell culture

Abstract

Animal cells are used in the manufacturing of complex biotherapeutic products since the 1980s. From its initial uses in biological research to its current importance in the biopharmaceutical industry, many types of culture media were developed: from serum-based media to serum-free to protein-free chemically defined media. The cultivation of animal cells economically has become the ultimate goal in the field of biomanufacturing. Serum serves as a source of amino acids, lipids, proteins and most importantly growth factors and hormones, which are essential for many cell types. However, the use of serum is unfavorable due to its high price tag, increased lot-to-lot variations and potential risk of microbial contamination. Efforts are progressively being made to replace serum with recombinant proteins such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones, as well as supplementation with lipids, vitamins, trace elements and hydrolysates. While hydrolysates are more complex, they provide a diverse source of nutrients to animal cells, with potential beneficial effects beyond the nutritional value. In this review, we discuss the use of hydrolysates in animal cell culture and briefly cover the composition of hydrolysates, mode of action and potential contaminants with some perspectives on its potential role in animal cell culture media formulations in the future.

Development of serum-free and grain-derived-nutrient-free medium using microalga-derived nutrients and mammalian cell-secreted growth factors for sustainable cultured meat production

“…These hydrolysates are known for their ability to promote cell growth and increase protein production capacity besides providing nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins to the medium. These effects are considered to be conferred by the physiological activities of peptides, the main components of hydrolysates, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory effects 55 . Moreover, polysaccharides extracted from C. vulgaris possess antioxidant properties.…”

Biotechnological and Technical Challenges Related to Cultured Meat Production

“…Possible matrices tested on the proliferation of different cell culture are those reported by Ho et al [47] (Table 2). However, although most of them may be good candidates as alternative to FBS due to their high proliferative capacity on cell, they need to be discussed in terms of sustainability and ethics.…”

“…Their relatively low cost makes them very attractive as FBS replacement components. However, as hydrolysate products are not fully characterized, further understanding of their components and the mechanism by which they influence cell growth and maintenance is crucial to their large-scale application [47].…”

Maintaining global biodiversity by developing a sustainable Anthropocene food production system

“…Given the time scale considered here, I presume that the social, technological and other constraints (e.g. Choudhury et al, 2020; Chriki and Hocquette, 2020; Ho et al, 2021; Thorrez and Vandenburgh, 2019) can eventually be circumvented. I am not so concerned whether a particular technology can be achieved at scale by 2050 or 2090, but whether it is likely to be achieved in the fullness of time.…”

“…bones, guts) are not produced, and recycling of nutrients in mediums can be controlled. Many further technical, biological and social developments are required to achieve this at scale (Choudhury et al, 2020; Chriki and Hocquette, 2020; Ho et al, 2021; Thorrez and Vandenburgh, 2019), but the approach has great potential. Suppose that global meat and dairy consumption were to double (relative to 2020), that there was a 90% reduction in the area required (rather than the 99% suggested by Tuomisto and de Mattos, 2011) per kg of meat/dairy produced, and that 10% of meat and dairy continued to be produced conventionally.…”