Application to dielectric logging

Differential Microstrip Sensor for Complex Permittivity Characterization of Organic Fluid Mixtures

“…Indeed, urine–water mixture is not a binary mixture such as ethanol–water, methanol–water, etc. Nevertheless, a good assent with the forecast presented by the Weiner model that extracted relying on simulation results (the upper and lower limits of that model are also specified in Figure 21 ) [ 27 ]. Evidence the validity of the proposed sensor to determine the reasonable complex permittivity of urine-water mixture.…”

“…Further on, to obtain the values for the complex permittivity of the urine-water mixture, a nonlinear least square curve fitting in MATLAB is used to derive an equation describing the relation between variations of the resonance frequency and peak attenuation as a function of the complex permittivity variations [ 26 , 27 ]: where the following notations have been used: Δε′ sam = ε′ sam – ε′ ref , Δε″ sam = ε″ sam – ε″ ref , Δ f sam = Δ f sam − Δ f ref , and Δ|S 21 | = Δ|S 21 | sam − Δ|S 21 | ref , with subscript “sam” for the sample and “ref” for the reference mixture. The values for |S 21 | sam and |S 21 | ref in the matrix are determined as f sam and f ref , respectively.…”