Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control

Shapiro‐Ilan, David I.; Gouge, Dawn H.; Piggott, Simon J.; Fife, Jane Patterson

doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.09.005

Cited by 266 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Although previous results of such research do not lend strong support to foliar application of EPNs (compared to soil application), particularly due to their sensitivity to desiccation and UV radiation (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2006), this method could nevertheless be suitable for the control of thrips on (tropical) plants, which often require water applications to leaves and which preferentially grow in places not exposed to direct sunlight. In fact, many hosts of H. femoralis like such habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…One of these productive lines of research is the foliar application of EPNs with which a faster activity of nematodes can be attained. Amongst the Thysanoptera species, most previous research has been focussed on western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis [Pergande]) (Arthurs and Heinz, 2006;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2006), which is one of the four most harmful thrips species in the world (Kirk and Terry, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First results concerning the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)

Trdan¹,

KuŽNik²,

Vidrih³

2007

Acta Agriculturae Slovenica

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The efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora against larvae and adults of banded greenhouse thrips, Hercinothrips femoralis, was studied under laboratory conditions. The activity of the biological agents under study was determined at three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C), with concentration of 200 infective juveniles per individual (larva or adult), a day:night ratio of 4:20 and relative humidity of 95 %. The experiment was conducted in plastic rearing vessels on French bean leaves with a slightly modified version of a method used for studying the bionomics of thrips. The mortality rate of the thrips was determined four days after the application of the nematode suspension. Temperature had significant influence on adult pest mortality, but no significant effects were found with nematode species. Neither temperature nor nematode species had significant effect on larval mortality, which ranged from 23 % (S. feltiae at 25°C) to approximately 50 % (H. bacteriophora at 15 and 25°C). Mortality of adults was significantly influenced only by temperature, with the nematodes being most efficient at 25°C (approximately 30 % mortality by H. bateriophora). The results of our research showed that foliar application of entomopathogenic nematodes might be a relatively efficient way for controlling H. femoralis, but the optimization of environmental factors would likely improve their efficacy further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First results concerning the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)

Trdan¹,

KuŽNik²,

Vidrih³

2007

Acta Agriculturae Slovenica

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“…Effective delivery of EPNs can only be achieved with consideration of the available application technologies together with comparative analysis of the advantages and limitations of the biological control agents. Consequently, it is important to understand how each EPN species/ strain can be affected when applied through a particular equipment (Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2006). This study demonstrates the effects resulting from the passage of a cruiser EPN, H. baujardi LPP7 Phan, Subbotin, Nguyen & Moens, through a surface spray irrigation system that uses mini-sprinklers, evaluated on the basis of its viability, infectivity and host search capability at the infective juvenile stage in soil containers and under field conditions.…”

Section: Heterorhabditismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

Lara¹,

Dolinski²,

Sousa³

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are currently being used as successful biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests. Previous field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that application techniques and non-biotic factors (temperature and pressure) have a significant effect on EPNs efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an irrigation spray application system on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juveniles (IJ). Two assays were proposed. Their viability was evaluated under the microscope after the IJ passed through the irrigation system. Infectivity on Galleria mellonella larvae, and host search capability, as evidenced by larval mortality, were evaluated in containers (Experiment 1). In the field (Experiment 2), mortality of G. mellonella larvae was evaluated under different nematode concentrations (0, 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 IJ per tree). No differences were recorded on the viability, infectivity and host search capability of the IJ in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, differences were recorded among the different concentrations used (p < 0.05), and a higher mortality was observed at the highest nematode concentration (28.3% and 37% in each one of the two experiment repetitions). This irrigation system did not affected adversely the viability, infectivity and host search capability of H. baujardi LPP7.

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“…When application of EPN is directed on the soil, adequate moisture for survival and movement is required, and thus irrigation is recommended (Shetlar et al 1988;Downing 1994;Koppenhöfer et al 1995). Other ways for improving efficacy of EPN applications are related to equipment modification (e.g., nozzles, pumps, spray distribution) for enhanced survival and dispersion (Shapiro-Ilan et al 2006;Brusselman et al 2012). EPN are also used successfully for controlling tree-boring pests, and in such cases the application method can be more sophisticated, using for instance gels and injections, rather than just drenching in the soil around the tree (De altube et al 2008;Dembilio et al 2010;Morton and García Del Pino 2008;El-borai et al 2012;Shapiro-Ilan et al 2010, 2016a, but little is known about dispersal and host-finding in the tree environment (Santhi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the application method of entomopathogenic nematode suspension for biological control of large pine weevil Hylobius abietis

et al. 2017

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are effective against the immature stages of the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis. In three field trials we compared the efficacy of the application method of EPN for weevil suppression below the suggested threshold of 20 weevils per stump: applying the EPN suspension in the top edges of the stumps ('top') vs. drenching the soil around stumps ('standard'). For Steinernema carpocapsae, weevil suppression was below the targeted threshold only when suspension was applied in the standard way (two of the three sites). On the other hand, weevil suppression was provided in all three cases of 'top' application of Heterorhabditis downesi suspension, whereas suppression in 'standard' application was observed in one site. Percentage parasitism of developing weevils in relation to depth and distance help explain EPN movement post-application. Weevil suppression relative to suggested thresholds can be improved by altering the method of EPN application depending on the nematode species.

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Application technology and environmental considerations for use of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control

Cited by 266 publications

References 83 publications

First results concerning the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)

First results concerning the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes against Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter)

Effect of mini-sprinkler irrigation system on Heterorhabditis baujardi LPP7 (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) infective juvenile

Optimizing the application method of entomopathogenic nematode suspension for biological control of large pine weevil Hylobius abietis

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