Application Progress of Oil and Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation Technology

Kou, Jie; Yang, Wen

doi:10.1061/41202(423)136

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…41,42 Therefore, rapid repair with lower cost and time consumption for pipeline leakage in outdoor environments without electricity and heat supply is the key issue that should be resolved. 43 Moreover, the detection of different defects is challenging for nondestructive testing (NDT) in pipeline integrity diagnosis. 44−46 Strikingly, polymer adhesives and polymer-based flexible sensing devices possess high potential utilization for repairing metallic pipes and defect detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pipelines are the key infrastructure for transferring natural gas and oil from producing areas to refineries, chemical plants, home consumers, and other business requirements, which formed the largest pipeline network in the world. , However, the pipeline could be damaged by human vandalism or natural hazards. − Furthermore, due to corrosion and metal loss, the pipeline leakage is responsible for 5% of major industrial accidents and causes serious environmental problems. , Therefore, rapid repair with lower cost and time consumption for pipeline leakage in outdoor environments without electricity and heat supply is the key issue that should be resolved . Moreover, the detection of different defects is challenging for nondestructive testing (NDT) in pipeline integrity diagnosis. − Strikingly, polymer adhesives and polymer-based flexible sensing devices possess high potential utilization for repairing metallic pipes and defect detection …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Temperature Rapid Polymerization of Intrinsic Conducting PAD/OC Hydrogels with a Self-Adhesive and Sensitive Sensor for Outdoor Damage Repair and Detection

Liu,

Chen,

Zhang

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Intrinsic conducting hydrogels fabricated in situ at low temperatures with self-adhesive properties and excellent flexibility hold significant promise for energy applications and outdoor damage repair. However, challenges such as low polymerization rate and self adhesion, insufficient ionic conductivity, inflexibility, and poor stability under extreme cold conditions have hindered their utilization as high-performance sensors. In this study, we designed an intrinsic conducting hydrogel (PADOC) composed of acrylic acid, acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, N,N′-methylenebis(2-propenamide), self-fabricated oxidized curdlan (OC), and a water/glycerol binary solvent. The novel hydrogel exhibited rapid gelation (30 s) at 0 °C facilitated by the promotion of OC, without the need for external energy input. Our findings from FT-IR, NMR, XPS, XRD, EPR spectra, MS, and DSC analyses revealed that OC underwent selective oxidation via the evolved Fenton reaction at 30 °C, serving as bioaccelerators for PAD polymerization. Due to OC's reductive structure and increased solubility, the reaction activation energy of the PAD polymerization reaction significantly reduced from 103.2 to 54.4 kJ/mol. PADOC ionic hydrogels demonstrated an electrical conductivity of 1.00 S/m, 0.7% low hysteresis, 39.6 kPa self-adhesive strength, and 923% strain-at-break and kept even at −20 °C owing to dense hydrogen and ionic bonds between PAD and OC chains. Furthermore, PADOC ionic hydrogels exhibited antifatigue properties for 10 cycles (0−100%) due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Remarkably, using a selfdesigned device, the rapid polymerization of PADOC effectively repaired copper pipeline leakage under 86 kPa pressure and detected 1% strain variation as a strain sensor. This study opens a new avenue for the rapid gelation of self-adhesive and flexible intrinsic conducting hydrogels with robust sensor performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Rapid Polymerization of Intrinsic Conducting PAD/OC Hydrogels with a Self-Adhesive and Sensitive Sensor for Outdoor Damage Repair and Detection

Liu,

Chen,

Zhang

2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…These repairs use external steel sleeves either welded or bolted to the external surface of the pipelines. However, this technique involves bulky equipment, high costs and is time-consuming especially for underground pipelines [1,2,4,[6][7][8]. In addition, this method is most suited for a straight pipe section and is more difficult for joints or bends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the performance of a corroded pipe section repaired with three-parts epoxy grout and with three-parts epoxy grout plus nanofiller

Kariya

Lim

2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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Steel pipelines have been used for the transportation of oil and gas for more than a century. With exposure to the harsh condition of the environment, steel pipelines are subjected to corrosion that deteriorates their function through metal loss. To remedy this, several repair techniques have been developed to extend their service life, particularly, techniques that do not interrupt the flow of the oil and gas. There are three main components in a Fibre-reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite repair which are (1) FRP composite wrap, (2) infill material, and (3) interlayer adhesive. Past research had looked at enhancing the infill material, which is usually an epoxy grout, with the aim to reduce or remove the number of FRP composite wrap layers. One of the ways to enhance the infill material is to add Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) to the epoxy grout. This was proven by carrying out different mechanical tests on a neat three-part epoxy (Infill A) and a three-part epoxy with 0.1% GNPs added by weight (Infill B). With the mechanical properties obtained for both infill materials, the pipe sections were then modelled with a finite element software to determine the repair performance without the use of FRP composite wrap. The difference of failure pressures between the pipe repaired using Infill A and Infill B over the unrepaired pipe were 2.7% and 4.2% respectively. The failure of the repair was due to the debonding of the infill materials from the pipe section. However, this research has provided significant information in understanding the properties of the infill materials as well as the numerical modelling on a repaired pipe section.

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“…There are problems associated with all of these methods such as high weight of the clamps, high expense of installation and welding operating pipelines creating safety issues (Alexander & Ochoa, 2010). In order to reduce safety concerns, the operating pipeline has to be shut down which can be a very costly exercise, often at a huge economic loss for the stakeholder (Kou & Yang, 2011). These disadvantages were reasons and incentives for researchers to find new solutions for pipeline repair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite overwrap repair system for pipelines - onshore and offshore application

Saeed¹

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Pipelines are widely used in the oil and gas industry in both offshore and onshore operations. After several years of operation in more or less corrosive environments, existing steel pipelines may suffer from internal or external metal loss due to erosion and/or corrosion damage mechanisms. More than 60 percent of the world's oil and gas transmission pipelines are more than 40 years old and for the most part in urgent need of rehabilitation in order to re-establish the original operating capacity.The most recent repair method used for the repair of internally or externally corroded pipelines is a method based on utilising fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. This involves wrapping the corroded part of a pipeline with this material. Many laboratory tests and field experiments have been performed and documented in the past few years, which have proven the viability of this method.Two design codes are available for the design of FRP overwrap repairs in the rehabilitation of pipeline systems. These codes are based on the deterministic approach for design, which has been the common method of developing codes in the past. On the other hand, the more modern methods of design, such as the ultimate state design method include safety factors, which are probabilistically determined using reliability-based analyses for a target reliability factor. This dissertation critically analyses and reviews the two major pipeline repair design codes by means of analytical and finite element analysis. This is then followed by a proposal for a reliability-based design method for FRP overwrap repair. Chapters 5 to 7 present the work carried out on the reliability-based design method. The following steps have been followed in the reliability study: The end product of this research is a probabilistic design method. This proposed method allows the design of FRP overwrap repair based on the Tsai-Hill equation and uses two safety factors, one for the steel pipe and the other for the FRP repair. The steel partial safety factor is constant and equals 0.72, but the FRP partial safety factor varies with the depth of corrosion. Two graphs are presented to calculate the FRP safety factors, i) for onshore pipelines and ii) for offshore pipelines.

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Application Progress of Oil and Gas Pipeline Rehabilitation Technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Low-Temperature Rapid Polymerization of Intrinsic Conducting PAD/OC Hydrogels with a Self-Adhesive and Sensitive Sensor for Outdoor Damage Repair and Detection

Low-Temperature Rapid Polymerization of Intrinsic Conducting PAD/OC Hydrogels with a Self-Adhesive and Sensitive Sensor for Outdoor Damage Repair and Detection

Modelling the performance of a corroded pipe section repaired with three-parts epoxy grout and with three-parts epoxy grout plus nanofiller

Composite overwrap repair system for pipelines - onshore and offshore application

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