“…Microfluidics provides a powerful tool for testing applications with its advantages of portability, miniaturization, automation, multi-channel sample testing, minimization of hazardous material handling, and cost savings ( Ragab and El-Kimary, 2021 ; Su et al, 2021 ; Tseng et al, 2021 ). In addition, all analytical processes, including sample preparation, reaction, separation, and detection are integrated into a microfluidic chip for field test applications ( Fu et al, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2021c ). Biosensors that use a variety of technologies combined with microfluidic chips to detect foodborne pathogens have been widely reported ( Ali et al, 2020 ; Kaya et al, 2021 ).…”