Application progress of microbial immobilization technology based on biomass materials

Abstract

In recent years, microbial degradation technology has shown broad potential in the fields of agriculture, industry, and environmental protection. However, in practical applications the technology still encounters many problems, such as low bacterial survivability during dynamic operations, the need to remove bacterial liquid, and low tolerance in high-toxic environments, among other issues. Immobilization technology has been developed to overcome such limitations. Microbial strains have been prepared for a specific range of activities utilizing self-fixation or exosome fixation. Immobilization can significantly improve strain density, toxicity tolerance, and bacterial liquid removal. This review first presents the advantages and disadvantages of the current microbial immobilization technologies and then summarizes the properties and characteristics of various carrier materials. The review focuses on how biomass-derived materials have been used as the carriers in new microbial immobilization technologies. The excellent biocompatibility, unique physical structure, and diversified modification methods of biomass-derived materials have shown excellent prospects in the field of microbial immobilization. Finally, microbial immobilization technologies’ potential applications in agriculture, industry, and environmental applications are considered.

Nitrogen removal and metabolic pathways of nitrifying coal ash propelled by temperature change under high nitrogen loading

“…Immobilization technology fixes selected microorganisms on the carrier to maintain their high density and activity, which are generally obtained through physical and chemical methods [9]. Immobilization technology, such as anammox immobilization and nitrifier immobilization, has been successfully used to entrap microorganisms that are sensitive to environmental conditions and have slow growth [8,10].…”