Application potential of three-dimensional silk fibroin scaffold using mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac regeneration

Abstract

Cardiac tissue engineering focusing on biomaterial scaffolds incorporating cells from different sources has been explored to regenerate or repair damaged area as a lifesaving approach.The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) as an alternative cell source on silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. The change in surface morphology of SF scaffolds depending on SF concentration (1–6%, w/v) and increase in their porosity upon application of unidirectional freezing were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling ratio was found to increase 2.4 fold when SF amount was decreased from 4% to 2%. To avoid excessive swelling, 4% SF scaffold with swelling ratio of 10% (w/w) was chosen for further studies.Biodegradation rate of SF scaffolds depended on enzymatic activity was found to be 75% weight loss of SF scaffolds at the day 14. The phenotype of hAD-MSCs and their multi-linage potential into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes were shown by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining, respectively.The viability of hAD-MSCs on 3D SF scaffolds was determined as 90%, 118%, and 138% after 1, 7, and 14 days, respectively. The use of 3D SF scaffolds was associated with increased production of cardiomyogenic biomarkers: α-actinin, troponin I, connexin 43, and myosin heavy chain. The fabricated 3D SF scaffolds were proved to sustain hAD-MSCs proliferation and cardiomyogenic differentiation therefore, hAD-MSCs on 3D SF scaffolds may useful tool to regenerate or repair damaged area using cardiac tissue engineering techniques.

Investigation of the efficacy of epidermal growth factor, boric acid and their combination in cartilage injury in rats: An experimental study

“…In one of our other studies, MSC was successfully differentiated into chondrocytes. [ 17 ] The reason for the used cell lines, for mouse fibroblast cell (L929) was suggested to be used for testing the biocompatibility of medical devices; Saos-2 selected due to one of the main exposed targets upon application of BA and EGF for testing toxicity.…”

Microstructural, Biomechanical, and In Vitro Studies of Ti-Nb-Zr Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

“…Live-Dead Assay: The assay was performed as described in the previous study [ 25 ]. The cell viability test kit (Molecular Probes #L3224) is based on measuring cell viability-intracellular esterase activity with intensely green fluorescent calcein (ex/em ~495 nm/~515 nm) retained within the alive cells and plasma membrane integrity with Ethidium homodimer, EthD-1 (ex/em ~495 nm/~635 nm) binding to the nucleic acids in the membrane damaged dead cells.…”

Silk Fibroin Materials: Biomedical Applications and Perspectives

“…This aspect has a primary impact on myocardial health, especially in patients with myocardial infarction (MI), where the tissue hypertrophy triggered by this event can lead to organ failure. In most cases, cardiac transplantation is the sole and reliable functional treatment for achieving long-term results [185][186][187]. Focusing on cardiac regeneration, SF has been used in its native form or in combination with a huge variety of polymers, such as polylacticacidco-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL), chitosan, hyaluronic acid, PCL, PVA, and polypyrrole.…”

“…Focusing on cardiac regeneration, SF has been used in its native form or in combination with a huge variety of polymers, such as polylacticacidco-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL), chitosan, hyaluronic acid, PCL, PVA, and polypyrrole. Moreover, different production methodologies have enabled the production of numerous biomedical devices in the form of nanofiber mats, patches, patterned films, and sponges presenting adaptable biomechanical and biodegradable performances [185,188]. In this regard, making use of the electrospinning technique, Mousa et al produced three-layered nanofibers patches consisting of a blended SF-PVA composite as the hydrophilic middle layer and PCL/PLA as the upper/ lower layers, respectively.…”