Application of X-rays Diffraction for Identifying Thin Oxide Surface Layers on Zinc Coatings

Abstract

Structural characterization of compound material coatings is usually achieved using time-consuming and destructive techniques such as optical and electrical microscopy, which require the use of grinding processes not always compatible with the material. This paper reports on the effective use of a theoretical model based on X-ray diffraction to calculate the thickness and composition of thin oxide films formed on the surface of zinc coatings. Zinc coatings are widely used in industrial application as protective layers against the atmospheric corrosion of steel substrates. The thickness of single- and multi-layer coatings is estimated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and various incidence angles. The coatings were grown using hot-dip, pack cementation and thermal spray techniques, and their experimental characteristics were compared to the theoretically predicted values of thickness and composition. The results indicate the formation of a thin zinc oxide film on top of each coating, which acts as an isolation layer and protects the surface of the sample against the environmental corrosion. Finally, the penetration depth of the X-rays into the zinc-based coatings for grazing incidence and Bragg–Brentano X-ray diffraction geometries were calculated using theoretical equations and experimentally confirmed.

Corrosion Behavior of Zn, Fe and Fe-Zn Powder Materials Prepared via Uniaxial Compression

“…Peaks for Fe(110) bcc , Fe(200) bcc and Fe(211) bcc were identified in the spectrum of pure Fe powder, which corresponds to the literature [35][36][37]. Zn (002), Zn(100), Zn(102), Zn(103), Zn(110) and Zn(004) peaks were identified in the spectrum of pure zinc with a hexagonal closed pack structure which is following the literature [38][39][40]. All of the peaks identified in either the Fe or Zn spectrum were also present in the spectrum of the Fe-Zn sample without substantial shift and with the suppressed intensity.…”

Polarized and non‐polarized Raman spectroscopy of ZnO crystals: Method for determination of crystal growth and crystal plane orientation for nanomaterials

“…[ 41 ] To put this into perspective, one can compare with the X‐ray‐beam penetration depths for the Bragg reflections from the XRD measurements shown in Figure S1a–c, which are 33–73 μm, depending on angle. [ 42 ] The Raman spatial resolution shows that analysis of crystals smaller than the spatial resolution will yield an average value and that the method is not sensitive to surface reconstruction, which occurs at much smaller dimensions. Measurements of microscale and nanoscale materials also have to be performed with much lower laser power than what has been used for the single crystals in this study due to risk of laser induced heating of individual grains which could cause damage to the samples.…”

α‐Fe2O3@Ag and Fe3O4@Ag Core‐Shell Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Magnetic Properties and Cytotoxic Performance

“…Salvadora persica wood contains tannins, sulfur compounds, isothiocyanate compounds, sangrin, chlorine, silica, silicon, and sodium chloride bicarbonate. [28] Our other research reported the successful synthesis of CeO 2 , [29] ZnO, [30] α-Fe 2 O 3 , [31] Cd-doped CeO 2 , [32] Ni-doped CeO 2 , [33] and Ag-doped ZnO [34] nanoparticles through the exertion of this plant extract. This paper introduces the application of a one-step route for the direct synthesis of α-Fe 2 O 3 @Ag and Fe 3 O 4 @Ag core-shell nanoparticles by employing the aqueous extract of Salvadora persica bark, with the aim of offering a simple and fast synthesizing process that does not require any high-temperature treatment for attaining the desired resultants.…”