Application of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rock–Eval Analysis for the Evaluation of Middle Eastern Petroleum Source Rock

Muktadir, Golam; Amro, Mohammed; Kummer, N. S.; Freese, Carsten; Abid, Khizar

doi:10.3390/en14206672

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…The working principle is based on diffraction pattern identification. Details of the analysis method can be seen from the work of S ́rodońet al, 33 and its application on reservoir rock is explained by Muktadir et al 34 3.3. Amott−Harvey Wettability Study.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy−energy-dispersive X-ray Analysi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of Particle Size for Floating Particle Wettability Measurement for Carbonate Rocks

et al. 2023

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Misrepresentation of the wettability of a reservoir can lead to potentially low ultimate hydrocarbon recovery resulting in substantial economic losses. At the same time, it is impossible to determine the wettability of a reservoir across its length and breadth on a continuous basis using standard procedures. This work presents the development and standardization of a quick, easy, and low-cost wettability measurement method using the adherence tendency of rock particles in the oil or aqueous phase. The most important aspect of this study was establishing the optimum particle size for sustained floatation and balancing the buoyancy and gravity effect. The results show that the particles sink with a larger than optimum particle size because of the gravity effect. Similarly, the particles would float if they are smaller than optimum due to buoyancy and viscosity advantages. A new scale is designed, and the midpoint analysis shows that a 63−90 μm particle size is the ideal size range for the carbonate reservoir's wettability measurements, as the midpoint of the size distribution coincides with the standard Amott−Harvey (A−H) index. However, this size range is found to be wider for oil-wet particles. The floating particle method has several advantages over the established methods once standardized against a reliable process. Not only is the process fast but it can be performed with basic laboratory tools and does not require a high skill set. Most importantly, reliable wettability information can be obtained from drill cuttings and core fragments, enabling the determination of reservoir wettability on a continuum basis and not as a point basis, thus providing a more reliable average value, particularly for heterogeneous and unconsolidated reservoirs.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy−energy-dispersive X-ray Analysi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardization of Particle Size for Floating Particle Wettability Measurement for Carbonate Rocks

et al. 2023

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Saccharification Efficiency Improvement by Eurotium cristatum and its Mechanism Study during the Glutinous Rice Wine Fermentation

Yang

Feng‐ying

2022

Starch Stärke

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To verify whether Eurotium cristatum promotes the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine is the aim of this study. Thus, Anhua black tea (containing substantial E. cristatum) is used for co-fermentation with liqueur koji in glutinous rice fermentation. The glutinous rice starch is analyzed to infer the effect of E. cristatum on saccharification efficiency, and the quality of co-fermented glutinous rice wine is evaluated. The results show that E. cristatum can contribute to the saccharification efficiency of glutinous rice wine. Saccharification efficiency reaches a maximum at 40 g 100 g −1 when 1.0 g liqueur koji and 0.6 g Anhua black tea are added in 100 g glutinous rice during the fermentation process at 32 °C for 3 days. In the glutinous rice starch, co-fermentation by E. cristatum results in increased amylose content, decreased molecular weight, smaller starch particles, and obvious crystal structure. These phenomena in the starch molecules express the mechanism of saccharification efficiency promotion by E. cristatum. What's more, the glutinous rice wine co-fermented by Anhua black tea has potential health functions for the human body and presents better sensory evaluation than the traditional one. Therefore, it is feasible and significant for the co-fermentation with E. cristatum during glutinous rice wine production.

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Effect of Eurotium cristatum on Saccharification Efficiency, Microorganisms in Mold Culture, and Liquor Flavor during Wuliangye Liquor Production

Yang,

Feng‐ying,

Qian‐hui

2023

Starch Stärke

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Saccharification fermentation is very important technics for Chinese baijiu, which effects its yield and flavor. Eurotium cristatum was been found the ability of saccharification, but has not been applied to the saccharification fermentation in Chinese baijiu. In this study, E. cristatum was added to the mold culture for the co‐fermentation of Wuliangye liquor to verify whether it enhanced the saccharification efficiency. Starch from mold culture was analyzed to infer the effect. Microorganisms in the mold culture and liquor flavor substances were also evaluated. Results showed that reducing sugar in the fermented grains reached the maximum value of 40 g/100 g when 8 mL of E. cristatum suspension was added to 100 g of mold culture. Co‐fermentation using E. cristatum increased the amylose content, decreased the molecular weight, and formed irregular starch particles and an evident crystal structure of starch from the mold culture. These phenomena in starch molecules corresponded to the mechanism by which E. cristatum enhanced saccharification efficiency. What's more, E. cristatum also improved the growth of the original microorganisms in the mold culture, thereby benefitting the flavor of Wuliangye liquor. Therefore, it is scientific and significative for the application of E. cristatum in saccharification fermentation of Wuliangye liquor.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Application of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rock–Eval Analysis for the Evaluation of Middle Eastern Petroleum Source Rock

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Standardization of Particle Size for Floating Particle Wettability Measurement for Carbonate Rocks

Standardization of Particle Size for Floating Particle Wettability Measurement for Carbonate Rocks

Saccharification Efficiency Improvement by Eurotium cristatum and its Mechanism Study during the Glutinous Rice Wine Fermentation

Effect of Eurotium cristatum on Saccharification Efficiency, Microorganisms in Mold Culture, and Liquor Flavor during Wuliangye Liquor Production

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