Application of WQI for water quality assessment of high-altitude snow-fed sacred Lake Hemkund, Garhwal Himalaya

Deep, Akash; Gupta, Vidhu; Bisht, Lalita; Kumar, Rahul

doi:10.1007/s40899-020-00449-w

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pandu Bodhan Lake in Andhra Pradesh shows much higher average BOD (60.319 mg/L) than the present study. The other remaining lakes namely, Anchar Lake in Kashmir, Dal Lake in Kashmir Hemkund Lake in Garhwal Himalaya, Khushalsar Lake in Kashmir Kuntbhyog Lake in Himachal Pradesh, Neel Tal Lake in Garhwal Himalaya, Prashar Lake in Himachal Pradesh and Rewalsar Lake in Himachal Pradesh shows generally similar range of BOD as compared to the present study [35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Fig. 9 Distribution of simulated BOD throughout the Loktak Lake a summer b rainy c winter seasons Table 1 Comparison of BOD and DO of present study with other freshwater lakes in India a Najar and Khan [34] b Deep et al [35] c Thakur et al [36] d Kumar and Sharma [37] e Solanki, Hussain and Raja [38] Lake BOD DO Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Water quality assessment of Loktak Lake, Northeast India using 2-D hydrodynamic modelling

et al. 2021

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The paper comprises of an application of a multi-faceted physically based two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model to simulate the transport phenomena of Loktak Lake, including the water quality of Loktak Lake, for which there is consensus that it is deteriorating due to river discharge from sub-catchments carrying sewage loads, soil sediments and agricultural fertilizers, and therefore, has emerged as a serious environmental concern. Accordingly, the study attempts to understand the overall environmental quality of the Loktak system and in particular simulate Loktak Lake water quality (state) variables by coupling through MIKE 21 ECO Lab. The model simulated dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand throughout the lake.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 90%

Water quality assessment of Loktak Lake, Northeast India using 2-D hydrodynamic modelling

et al. 2021

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“…At present, the way to determine the relative weights of evaluation indexes is mostly based on the subjective and objective assignment methods. The subjective assignment method [20][21][22][23][24][25] is simple and covers a wide range, but because it does not consider data variability, the water quality evaluation results are often oriented to the subjective ideations of decision-makers, and different decision-makers place different emphases on the same indicators [26][27][28][29][30]. Although the objective assignment method [31,32] has a strict mathematical meaning, it tends to ignore the decision-makers' emphases on different attributes, and sometimes the results are contrary to the importance of the actual attributes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China

Sun

Yan

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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With the development of the human population and society, groundwater environmental problems have become an important factor limiting global socioeconomic development, and the study of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and pollution is a current hot issue. In this study, data regarding shallow groundwater quality in 76 instances were used to evaluate the quality of shallow groundwater in the plains of Henan Province, China, by using a combination of subjective and objective assignments, mathematical statistics, Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio analysis, and other methods to study the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and its formation mechanism. The results showed that the groundwater quality in most areas of Henan Plain is in good condition, and the proportion of samples with excellent grades and good grades is as high as 43.42% and 35.53%. The range of poor and extremely poor water quality is small, and only five samples are judged as poor and extremely poor grades, mainly distributed in Jiaozuo City, Xinxiang City, Zhoukou City, and Puyang City. The groundwater anionic hydrochemistry is mainly of the HCO3 type, accounting for 61.84% of the samples and locally transformed downstream to HCO3·SO4, HCO3·SO4·Cl, HCO3·Cl·SO4, and Cl·SO4·HCO3. Cations are predominantly of the Ca/Mg and Ca–Mg/Mg–Ca type, and gradually transformed to the Na–Ca/Ca–Na and Na–Mg/Mg–Na type along the runoff direction. Water–rock interactions and anthropogenic factors dominate the hydrochemistry evolution, with major geochemical processes involving the precipitation of calcite and dolomite as well as the weathering dissolution of rock salt and fluorite. Human activity is an important factor affecting the distribution of NO3–N and Fe3+. It is recommended that groundwater be continuously monitored to provide scientific data for sustainable groundwater quality management and that appropriate measures be developed to prevent further degradation of the groundwater environment.

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“…It, therefore, becomes an important tool for the assessment and management of groundwater. Some studies on WQI such as from Nepal 2021), from India (Bhat and Pandit, 2014;Deep et al, 2020) have been carried out to assess the water quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for groundwater quality assessment of Biratnagar, Nepal

Das

Choudhary

2021

Our Nature

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This present hydrological study assessed the groundwater quality of Biratnagar Metropolitan by the application of Water Quality Index (WQI). It has been determined on the basis of analyzed groundwater samples for some important physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon-dioxide (FCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), total hardness (TH), phosphate (PO4-P), nitrate-N (NO3-N), arsenic (As), and fluoride (Fl) collected from 110 representative tube wells during post-monsoon period of 2015. The status of fluoride was below detectable level (BDL) in all the analyzed groundwater samples. The WQI for these samples ranged from 84.54 to 403.14. The high value of WQI has been found mainly due to the higher values of turbidity, FCO2 and arsenic in the groundwater. The results of study have been used to recommend models for predicting water quality. The classification of water quality on the basis of WQI value have been found to be good water (18.18%), poor water (59.09%), very poor water (13.64%) and unsuitable for drinking (9.09%). The result of the study suggests that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the threat of contamination. The groundwater is one of the major source of drinking water as well as for irrigation in study area.

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Application of WQI for water quality assessment of high-altitude snow-fed sacred Lake Hemkund, Garhwal Himalaya

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Water quality assessment of Loktak Lake, Northeast India using 2-D hydrodynamic modelling

Water quality assessment of Loktak Lake, Northeast India using 2-D hydrodynamic modelling

Characterization and Cause Analysis of Shallow Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Plains of Henan Province, China

Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for groundwater quality assessment of Biratnagar, Nepal

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