Application of wet waste from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with or without sea mud to feeding sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

Abstract

In the present study, the applicability of the wet waste collected from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to the culture of sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus) was determined. The effects of dietary wet shrimp waste on the survival, specific growth rate (SGR), fecal production rate (FPR), ammonia-and nitrite-nitrogen productions of sea cucumber were studied. The total organic matter (TOM) level in the feces of sea cucumber was compared with that in corresponding feeds. Diet C (50% wet shrimp waste and 50% sea mud mash) made sea cucumber grow faster than other diets. Sea cucumber fed with either diet D (25% wet shrimp waste and 75% sea mud mash) or sole sea mud exhibited negative growth. The average lowest total FPR of sea cucumber occurred in diet A (wet shrimp waste), and there was no significant difference in total FPR between diet C and diet E (sea mud mash) (P > 0.05). The average ammonia-nitrogen production of sea cucumber in different diet treatments decreased gradually with the decrease of crude protein content in different diets. The average highest nitrite-nitrogen production occurred in diet E treatment, and there was no significant difference in nitrite-nitrogen production among diet A, diet B (75% wet shrimp waste and 25% sea mud mash) and diet C treatments (P > 0.05). In each diet treatment, the total organic matter (TOM) level in feces decreased to different extent compared with that in corresponding feeds.

Nutrient retention efficiencies in integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture

“…71,72 Nevertheless, in a feeding trial, lowest growth was reported when Stichopus monotuberculatus was fed only waste from a shrimp farm, compared with a commercial sea cucumber diet or a mixed diet of 50% waste from the shrimp farm and 50% sea mud. 73 Only a limited number of studies used the balance method to determine waste extraction efficiencies, and they do show that sea cucumbers reduce aquaculture waste. Sea cucumbers can extract 0.1%-20% OM, 3%-10% organic C, 7%-16% organic N and 21%-25% 2).…”

“…For both sea cucumbers and polychaetes, lower growth has been reported when feeding fish faeces, as compared with commercial diets, 73,78,99 suggesting that waste quality is not sufficient to sustain optimal growth. For mussels, it has also been suggested that fish faeces alone is insufficient; integration of M. edulis with Atlantic cod in a closed system resulted in nutritionally stressed mussels.…”

“…No information was found on tissue C:N:P ratios of sea cucumbers and polychaetes, and it remains unclear to what extent macronutrient composition of organic fish waste is balanced for deposit feeders. For both sea cucumbers and polychaetes, lower growth has been reported when feeding fish faeces, as compared with commercial diets, 73,78,99 suggesting that waste quality is not sufficient to sustain optimal growth. For mussels, it has also been suggested that fish faeces alone is insufficient; integration of M .…”

Role of deposit‐feeding sea cucumbers in integrated multitrophic aquaculture: progress, problems, potential and future challenges

“…Recently, another species, Stichopus monotuberculatus , has shown promise for the utilization of shrimp farming waste as part of the sea cucumber diet in southern China (Chen et al . ,b). It has also been shown that sea cucumbers ( P. californicus , H. forskali, H. leucospilota and A. japonicus ) can reduce the impact of fish farm activities, by reducing the organic carbon and nitrogen content of the high organic content faeces of the fish by up to 60%, reducing waste biodeposition (Ahlgren ; Yu et al .…”

Assimilation of shrimp farm sediment by Holothuria scabra: a coupled fatty acid and stable isotope approach

“…The co-culture of shrimps and sea-cucumbers (Purcell et al, 2006;Xu and Zhu, 2002), or their polyculture with jellyfish (Li et al, 2014b(Li et al, , 2014a has therefore been considered as an alternative to limited the organic matter excess from shrimp monocultures. Moreover, studies revealed that shrimp wastes could be used to feed sea cucumbers (Chen et al, 2015a(Chen et al, , 2015b. These co-culture systems could (1) limit sediment organic enrichment (Slater and Carton, 2007) and (2) develop a new high value exportation pathway.…”