“…Lu and Churchill (2014) drew on a definition by Chapman (2003), and then focused on social and cognitive engagement. A theoretical framework was applied in 20 studies (47.6%), with constructivism referred to in four studies (Garcia-Sanchez & Rojas-Lizana, 2012; Lu & Churchill, 2014;Lu et al, 2010;Shi & Luo, 2016), social constructivism in two (Yang, Gamble, & Tang, 2012;Zhang, Song, Shen, & Huang, 2014) and socio-cultural theory in two studies (Lin & Yang, 2013;Peterson, 2009). Other studies drew on Bandura's theory of social learning (Carver et al, 2012), social presence theory (Yildiz, 2009) and technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) (Asoodar, Marandi, Atai, & Vaezi, 2014).…”