Application of Waveform Stacking Methods for Seismic Location at Multiple Scales

Abstract

Seismic source location specifies the spatial and temporal coordinates of seismic sources and lays the foundation for advanced seismic monitoring at all scales. In this work, we firstly introduce the principles of diffraction stacking (DS) and cross-correlation stacking (CCS) for seismic location. The DS method utilizes the travel time from the source to receivers, while the CCS method considers the differential travel time from pairwise receivers to the source. Then, applications with three field datasets ranging from small-scale microseismicity to regional-scale induced seismicity are presented to investigate the feasibility, imaging resolution, and location reliability of the two stacking operators. Both of the two methods can focus the source energy by stacking the waveforms of the selected events. Multiscale examples demonstrate that the imaging resolution is not only determined by the inherent property of the stacking operator but also highly dependent on the acquisition geometry. By comparing to location results from other methods, we show that the location bias is consistent with the scale size, as well as the frequency contents of the seismograms and grid spacing values.

Coherent wavefield reconstruction improves event location with dense seismic arrays

“…Several recent studies have shown the suitability of the array for analyzing the spatiotemporal clustering of seismicity (Cochran et al, 2020), source spectral properties (Kemna et al, 2020), near-source radiation patterns (Trugman et al, 2021), and the leaking modes from ambient noise (Zhengbo . Two events from the OGS catalog beneath the array have already been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of DS-based seismic location methods at regional scale (Lei Li, Xie, et al, 2020).…”

A Novel Polarity Correction Method Developed on Cross Correlation Analysis for Downhole Migration-Based Location of Microseismic Events

“…Energies 2022, 15, 2772 2 of 15 absolute values, squared amplitudes, envelopes, and their extended characteristic functions [6,7]. For instance, Kao and Shan, and Liao et al, presented the source scanning algorithm (SSA) and its improved method by introducing the weighting factor based on absolute values of the amplitudes, respectively [8,9].…”