Application of Volta potential mapping to determine metal surface defects

Назаров, А. Д.; Thierry, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2007.05.077

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As cathodic reaction, the oxygen reduction could be identified [49,48,47]. During atmospheric corrosion of steel, the separation of cathodic and anodic regions on the sample surface can be detected with KP as regions with lower and higher CPD values respectively [66]. These regions could be also observed for the ferritic steel sample in this study but, due to the measurement conditions, only to a very low extent.…”

Section: +supporting

confidence: 51%

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

Schimo

Burgstaller

Hassel

2017

J Solid State Electrochem

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Influence of oxygen concentration in the measurement atmosphere on detection of hydrogen using Kelvin probe was studied. The studied material was a 100-μm-thick palladium foil, which was mounted in a 3D printed electrochemical flow cell. The used setup enables hydrogen loading with in-situ contact potential measurement of the hydrogen exit side of the Pd electrode. The hydrogen loading and unloading procedure, including insertion of different amounts of hydrogen into the Pd membrane and recording resulting values of contact potential difference, was performed at distinct oxygen concentrations ranging between 1 and 80 vol%. An increasing amount of oxygen in the atmosphere surrounding the hydrogen-loaded Pd electrode resulted in an accelerated removal of hydrogen from the Pd. The kinetics of this reaction was studied based on Kelvin probe measurements, and a reaction mechanism is discussed.

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Section: +supporting

confidence: 51%

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

Schimo

Burgstaller

Hassel

2017

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…8,59,63,67 Local stress fields and chemical variations affect local corrosion properties of individual phases in the microstructure, which can be detected by SKPFM. 8,63,71 Different chemical compositions of ferrite and austenite are inherently present in DSS microstructure, which ultimately lead to different characteristics of the passive surface film. The latter is manifested by different Volta potentials between ferrite and austenite, as earlier shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of 475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel Microstructure via Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy

Örnek

Walton

Hashimoto³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM) measured local Volta potentials in microstructure of 22Cr-5Ni duplex stainless steel have been correlated to microstructure development with aging treatments at 475 • C. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) was employed to differentiate crystallographic phases to provide complementary information. The absolute Volta potentials of both ferrite and austenite increased after 5 hours of aging, indicating electrochemical ennoblement of the entire microstructure. Longer aging resulted in a gradual decrease of measured Volta potentials in both phases. The microstructure showed after 255 hours aging up to 2.5-times larger potential differences than in the as-received condition, indicating impaired electrochemical nobility. In the as-received microstructure, the ferrite phase was less noble than the austenite, whereas after 5 hours aging both phases had similar, balanced Volta potentials which indicated a balanced nobility of ferrite and austenite. Longer aging treatment caused severe loss of nobility for the entire microstructure, with ferrite showing larger changes in Volta potential than the austenite. Spinodal microstructure decomposition and associated phase reactions of the ferrite, with elemental redistribution in the austenite, are the reason for the observed changes in microstructure nobility. Duplex Stainless Steels (DSSs) have been used for structural and functional applications in a broad range of industry sectors.1 Their two-phase microstructure typically consists of a balanced fraction of ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ) resulting in beneficial properties, such as high strength and toughness, with outstanding corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance. However, when exposed to higher temperature regimes DSSs suffer from microstructure changes due to phase transformations arising from strong interactions of alloying elements.2-4 These microstructure changes can be accompanied by the occurrence of embrittlement and loss in corrosion resistance, which restricts their use in high-temperature applications.When the material is exposed to temperatures between 600 • C and 1000• C, the microstructure can decompose into several secondary phases.5-7 Ferrite can undergo eutectoid transformations into several phases, including σ-phase with secondary austenite (γ 2 ), χ-phase, carbides (mainly M 23 C 6 ), nitrides (CrN and Cr 2 N), or carbonitrides. 1,5,[7][8][9] Chromium nitrides can cause significant changes in microstructure performance 10,11 and hardness, 12 despite their small volume fractions and sizes (usually below 2 μm).12,13 Precipitation is typically accompanied by significant reductions in localized corrosion resistance, and is mainly attributed to the formation of element-depleted regions adjacent to secondary phases. [5][6][7] Exposure to lower temperatures between 250• C to 550• C, often referred to "475• C embrittlement", also results in variations of mechanical and electrochemical properties.14-28 This has been attributed to phase separation mechanisms, prim...

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“…22,24 For plastic loads, the stress above the yield point creates plastic deformation with the generation of dislocations. 20,21,[24][25][26][27] The changing of EWF after elastic and plastic strains has also been analyzed for stainless steel. 23,26 For the duplex grade AISI S31803 it was observed that during strain ferrite had a lower potential than austenite and that elastic deformation increased EWF by 0.020-0.025 eV whereas plastic deformation decreased the EWF 0.3 eV.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Potential Distribution on a 301 LN Stainless Steel Surface

Fuertes

Назаров

Vucko

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The aim of the present work was to study the influence of the stress on the electrode potential of the austenitic stainless steel301LN using Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP). It was found that elastic deformation reversibly ennobles the potential whereas plasticdeformation decreases the potential in both tensile and compressive deformation mode and this decrease is retained even 24 h afterremoval of the load. To interpret the stress effects, different surface preparations were used and the composition and thickness ofthe passive film were determined by GDOES. Slip steps formed due to plastic deformation were observed using AFM. The effect ofplastic strain on the potential is explained by the formation of dislocations, which creates more a defective passive film.

QC 20160516

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Application of Volta potential mapping to determine metal surface defects

Cited by 73 publications

References 23 publications

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

Influence of atmospheric oxygen on hydrogen detection on Pd using Kelvin probe technique

Characterization of 475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel Microstructure via Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy

Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Potential Distribution on a 301 LN Stainless Steel Surface

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