Application of Viruses for Gene Therapy and Vaccine Development

Lundström, Kenneth

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85395-2_9

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 286 publications

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“…Poxviruses are large, enveloped dsDNA viruses [ 80 ], which show an outstanding packaging capacity of more than 30 kb of foreign DNA. Among poxviruses, vaccinia virus (VV) vectors have been frequently used for prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the fields of infectious diseases and cancers [ 97 ]. Engineering of tumor-selective replication-proficient VV vectors has proven an attractive approach for cancer therapy [ 81 ].…”

Section: Viral Vector-based Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Where Do We Stand in 2023?

Lundström¹

2023

Viruses

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Viral vectors have been used for a broad spectrum of gene therapy for both acute and chronic diseases. In the context of cancer gene therapy, viral vectors expressing anti-tumor, toxic, suicide and immunostimulatory genes, such as cytokines and chemokines, have been applied. Oncolytic viruses, which specifically replicate in and kill tumor cells, have provided tumor eradication, and even cure of cancers in animal models. In a broader meaning, vaccine development against infectious diseases and various cancers has been considered as a type of gene therapy. Especially in the case of COVID-19 vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and Ad26.COV2.S have demonstrated excellent safety and vaccine efficacy in clinical trials, leading to Emergency Use Authorization in many countries. Viral vectors have shown great promise in the treatment of chronic diseases such as severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, β-thalassemia, and sickle cell disease (SCD). Proof-of-concept has been established in preclinical studies in various animal models. Clinical gene therapy trials have confirmed good safety, tolerability, and therapeutic efficacy. Viral-based drugs have been approved for cancer, hematological, metabolic, neurological, and ophthalmological diseases as well as for vaccines. For example, the adenovirus-based drug Gendicine® for non-small-cell lung cancer, the reovirus-based drug Reolysin® for ovarian cancer, the oncolytic HSV T-VEC for melanoma, lentivirus-based treatment of ADA-SCID disease, and the rhabdovirus-based vaccine Ervebo against Ebola virus disease have been approved for human use.

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Section: Viral Vector-based Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Where Do We Stand in 2023?

Lundström¹

2023

Viruses

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“…On the other hand, viral vectors can pose a safety risk, which has triggered the engineering of replication-deficient and suicide vectors. A variety of viral vectors based on adenoviruses, adeno-associated virus (AAV), alphaviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV), lentiviruses (LV), measles virus (MV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and rhabdoviruses have demonstrated promising results in both preclinical animal models and clinical trials ( Lundstrom, 2022 ). An essential part of viral vector-based cancer therapy has relied on the application of oncolytic viruses, which can provide selective killing of tumor cells while causing only minor or no damage to normal tissue ( Kaufman et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphaviruses in Cancer Therapy

Lundström¹

2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Alphaviruses have been engineered as expression vectors for different strategies of cancer therapy including immunotherapy and cancer vaccine development. Administration of recombinant virus particles, RNA replicons and plasmid DNA-based replicons provide great flexibility for alphavirus applications. Immunization and delivery studies have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in the form of reduced tumor growth, tumor regression and eradication of established tumors in different animal models for cancers such as brain, breast, colon, cervical, lung, ovarian, pancreas, prostate cancers, and melanoma. Furthermore, vaccinated animals have showed protection against challenges with tumor cells. A limited number of clinical trials in the area of brain, breast, cervical, colon prostate cancers and melanoma vaccines has been conducted. Particularly, immunization of cervical cancer patients elicited immune responses and therapeutic activity in all patients included in a phase I clinical trial. Moreover, stable disease and partial responses were observed in breast cancer patients and prolonged survival was achieved in colon cancer patients.

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Applications of Viral Vectors for Cancer Immunotherapy

Lundström¹

2022

Handbook of Cancer and Immunology

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Application of Viruses for Gene Therapy and Vaccine Development

Cited by 4 publications

References 286 publications

Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Where Do We Stand in 2023?

Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy: Where Do We Stand in 2023?

Alphaviruses in Cancer Therapy

Applications of Viral Vectors for Cancer Immunotherapy

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