Application of Various Techniques in Localizing Retained Testes in Horses Before Cryptorchidectomy

Pozor, Małgorzata A.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2016.06.076

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In humans, a possible explanation is that the ectopic testis itself is directly responsible for the infertility and germ cell tumorigenesis [13]. Although rare, teratomas have been reported more often in cryptorchid testicles inside abdominal cavity [12] and occurs sporadically in young stallions [3,6,8,12,14,15], similar to present case report.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Teratomas are formed by various different types of mature tissues originating from different germinal layers and which embryonic origin differs from the affected organ [5,12,14,17]. Tumor size varies greatly and many are cystic or polycystic [15], and usually grey to yellow [14,15]. Usually the retained testis is smaller than the scrotal testis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In horses, testicular descent generally occurs 30 days prior to and up to 2 weeks after birth [4], when there is an incomplete descent of one or both testicles, the animal is considered a cryptorchid [15,18]. Cryptorchidism is a hereditary disorder with moderated to high heritability of 0.12 to 0.32 in horses [7] and frequently unilateral [6,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Testicular neoplasms are usually benign [14], have been seen in descended and undescended testes [5,12], are asymptomatic [3] and can and rarely cause abdominal pain [6]. The most common tumors reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas and teratomas [14,15,17]. Teratoma is quite rare in horses [2,5], however, it is the most frequent testicular tumor reported in young stallions, between 1 and 5 years-old [14,15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common tumors reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas and teratomas [14,15,17]. Teratoma is quite rare in horses [2,5], however, it is the most frequent testicular tumor reported in young stallions, between 1 and 5 years-old [14,15,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Testicular Teratoma in a Unilateral Right-Sided Abdominal Cryptorchid Horse

Ugolini

Santos

Costa

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cryptorchidism is characterized by the incomplete descent of one or both testicles to the scrotum, being a hereditary alteration and frequently an unilateral condition. Besides the sexual and aggressive behaviour, the retained testicle is commonly located in abdominal cavity, being considered a risk factor for neoplasm development. The most common testicular neoplasm reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas and teratomas. A presumptive diagnosis of testicular tumor can be achieved by ultrasonography, although the definitive diagnosis is obtained only by histopathology. In this report, we are presenting a case of testicular teratoma in an unilateral abdominal cryptorchid horse. Case: A 3 year-old stallion, American Quarter Horse, was attended and presented a right testicle retained inside the abdomen and a left testicle in the scrotum. Transrectal palpation was used to identify a round and firm structure, presumably the right testicle, lateral to the urinary bladder and located inside abdomen. Further, a transrectal ultrasound examination showed a complex, round mass with irregular edges containing both cystic and solid structures, hypoechoic fluid-filled cavities separated by linear hyperechoic septa. After a clinical examination, the animal was diagnosed with cryptorchidism and was submitted to orchiectomy and cryptorchidectomy by inguinal approach. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia and postoperative care included cold shower, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy. Testicles were surgically removed and further sent for histopathological examination. The visual appearance of the right undescended testicle showed multiple round, cystic, and solid structures on outer surface, while the left descended testicle was apparently normal. The macroscopic evaluation showed that the affected testicle consisted of a firm solid mass with multiple fluid-filled cystic areas. Microscopically, the testicular architecture was replaced by cysts, fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, glandular structures, and foci of calcification. The histology revealed that the retained testicle had a testicular teratoma. Discussion: Reproductive disorders are common in horses and represent a significant part of the equine practitioner routine. Equine cryptorchidism is the most common non-lethal developmental defect of stallions. Surgery is the best treatment, since this alteration is hereditary. Teratomas have been reported more often in cryptorchid testicles, being usually just diagnosed as an incidental finding during surgical procedure. Under field conditions, usually the testicles are not sent for histopathological evaluation and this fact can contribute to underdiagnoses. Ultrasonography allows clinicians to determine testis location, morphological changes in the testes, as well as to elaborate a presumptive diagnose of testicular neoplasm. Histopathology is the best exam to achieve definitive diagnoses in the presence of testicular alterations. In our report, diagnosis of tes...

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