This paper presents experimental data obtained on shot-peened aluminum 2024-T351 samples, which indicate that the dispersion of the surface wave is affected by surface roughness, compressive residual stress, and cold work. Although the surface roughness induced component is often the dominant part in the overall dispersion of the SAW, the experimental data indicate that it is feasible to observe a substantial and highly characteristic change in the velocity of the SAW when the specimen is heat treated at different annealing temperatures. The part of the dispersion, which changes during annealing via thermal relaxation, is due to near-surface residual stresses and the decay of texture, although at high frequencies non-uniform grain coarsening could also play a significant role.