Application of UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS in Phytochemical Profiling of Sage (Salvia officinalis) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

Abstract

UHPLC with QTOF-MS is widely used as a powerful tool for metabolomic analysis. This technology has recently been applied to the analysis of polyphenols in food and herb extracts. Sage (Salvia officinalis) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), belonging to the family Lamiaceae, are known for their potent antioxidant properties due to the presence of polyphenols. We have developed a sensitive and reproducible UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based method for comprehensive phytochemical profiling and the identification and quantitation of specific polyphenolic compounds present in sage and rosemary leaves. The herbs were extracted ultrasonically using methanol as the solvent. In sage, rosmarinic acid (17 678.7±673.4 µg/g) and 12-methoxy carnosic acid (21 918.3±715.4 µg/g) were found in the highest concentrations among all polyphenols. In contrast, rosmarinic acid (14 311.0±636.4 µg/g), luteolin-3'-acetyl-O-glucuronide (1488.50±47.58 µg/g), and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (1053.68±68.83 µg/g) were observed in the highest concentrations in rosemary. Sagerinic acid, rosmanol, rosmadial, carnosol, and carnosic acid were found in abundance in both sage and rosemary. The pentacyclic triterpenoid, corosolic acid ([M - H]¯ m/z 471.35), was detected for the first time in both plants. Of the 47 polyphenolic compounds identified in each plant, 38 compounds were found in common in rosemary and sage. A flavonoid compound, baicalin ([M -H]¯ m/z 445.08), was identified for the first time in S. officinalis. Also, pectolinarigenin ([M - H]¯ m/z 313.07), a dimethoxyflavone, was detected for the first time in both sage and rosemary leaves.

Phytochemical profile and rosmarinic acid purification from two Peruvian Lepechinia Willd. species (Salviinae, Mentheae, Lamiaceae)

“…In addition to the salvianolic acids, we found the diterpenoid phenolics rosmanol, carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmaridiphenol, beside the phenantrenequinone horminone, the same terpenoids as Rosmarinus officinalis , an old world medicinal Mentheae-Salviinae . These substances support the presence of Lepechinia within Salviinae beside Salvia, Melissa, Rosmarinus , among other genera 27 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 39 , 54 , 56 , 57 , 59 . However, a recent work 53 , based on DNA, chloroplastic, nuclear ribosomal and low-copy nuclear gene regions, lumps the small genera Dorystaechas, Meriandra, Perovskia, Rosmarinus and Zhumeria within Salvia genus while Melissa and Lepechinia do not.…”

LC-MS/MS-QTOF Screening and Identification of Phenolic Compounds from Australian Grown Herbs and Their Antioxidant Potential

“…The lowest amount of caffeic acid was quantified in thyme (32.12 μg/g). In another study, caffeic acid and derivatives and syringic acid were quantified in rosemary [ 48 , 49 ] while chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were quantified in sage and rosemary in a separate study [ 50 ].…”

Comparative Antioxidant, Anti-Acetylcholinesterase and Anti-α-Glucosidase Activities of Mediterranean Salvia Species

“…Diterpenes and triterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol, and ursolic acid) are also found to be present in Dalmatian sage [ 19 , 20 ]. The most prevalent flavonoids include glycosides of luteolin, apigenin, hispidulin, and quercetin [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Rosmarinic, salvianolic, caffeic and sagerinic acids, and sagecoumarin are abundant phenolic acids of S. officinalis [ 23 ].…”

“…The most prevalent flavonoids include glycosides of luteolin, apigenin, hispidulin, and quercetin [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Rosmarinic, salvianolic, caffeic and sagerinic acids, and sagecoumarin are abundant phenolic acids of S. officinalis [ 23 ]. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to prove traditionally claimed applications of S. officinalis and to discover new therapeutic properties of this plant.…”