Application of two-component model of drainage discharge to nitrate contamination

Bůzek, František; Bystřický, Václav; Kadlecová, Renáta; Kvítek, Tomáš; Ondr, Pavel; Šanda, Martin; Zajíček, Antonín; Žlábek, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.02.001

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the Czech Republic, Bruthans (2006) investigated the mean retention time of water in karstic areas using environmental isotopes and other natural tracers. Buzek et al (1991, 2009) used 18 O and 3 H to distinguish runoff components and to establish the proportion of recent precipitation in the runoff. These methods require precise sampling and expensive laboratory analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage water temperature as a basis for verifying drainage runoff composition on slopes

Zajíček

Kvítek

Kaplická

et al. 2011

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:Tile drainage water temperatures and discharge rates were measured in five highland watersheds of which most are underlain by acid crystalline rock. One of them, Dehtáře in the Bohemo-Moravian highland (Czech Republic), was studied in greater detail. The aim was to evaluate water temperature monitoring as a means of determining the source and pathway of drainage runoff during high-flow events. Rapid increase in drainage discharge was accompanied by rapid change in water temperature. In winter, the rising limb of the hydrograph was accompanied by a decrease in temperature, and the falling limb was associated with a corresponding temperature increase. In summer, the trends were reversed. These data suggest that the water temperature changes are caused by the fastest component of drainage runoff, water from a precipitation event or snowmelt, which can be separated from the remainder of the hydrograph. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture content, soil temperature, and groundwater table level indicate that the major portion of the event water causing this effect infiltrates in the watershed recharge zone where soils are permeable, enters the weathered bedrock, flows preferentially and rapidly down the slope along disjoint fissures in the bedrock, finally emerging as ascending springs, and is, for the most part, intercepted by the tile drainage systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drainage water temperature as a basis for verifying drainage runoff composition on slopes

Zajíček

Kvítek

Kaplická

et al. 2011

Hydrological Processes

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“…The mean residence time of water in the UDL catchment (∼ 8.3 months) was shorter than in three previously studied catchments in the Czech Republic. Lysina (LYS) catchment in the western Czech Republic (elevation of 830-950 m) was characterized by a mean water residence time of 15.2 months (Buzek et al, 2009). Dehtare and Jenin catchments in the central Czech Republic (elevations of 500-640 and 640-880 m) had a mean water residence time of 12.5 and 9.3 months, respectively (Buzek et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behaviour of Na + vs. K + ions can also be interpreted as a decrease in water residence time from the slope to the valley. On this note, we followed the modelling approach implemented by Buzek et al (1995Buzek et al ( , 2009 to provide further insight into the mean residence time of soil solutions calculated across all sampling locations which was estimated in approximately 8.3 months (Appendix A). In consequence, the runoff water at UDL is a mixture of direct precipitation with older soil solutions admixed with even older shallow groundwater.…”

Section: Recovery From Acidification As Observed In the Spatial And Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially resolved soil solution chemistry in a central European atmospherically polluted high-elevation catchment

Petrash

Bůzek

Novák

et al. 2019

SOIL

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Abstract. We collected soil solutions by suction lysimeters in a central European temperate forest with a history of acidification-related spruce die-back in order to interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning, compare them with stream water chemistry and evaluate these parameters relative to concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Five lysimeter nests were installed in the 33 ha U dvou loucek (UDL) mountain catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following equilibration, monthly soil solution samples were interrogated over a 2-year period with regard to their SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and total dissolved Al concentrations, organic carbon (DOC) and pH. Soil pits were excavated in the vicinity of each lysimeter nest to also constrain soil chemistry. For an estimation of phosphorus (P) availability, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Cation exchange capacity (CEC ≤58 meq kg−1) and base saturation (BS ≤13 %) were found to be significantly lower at UDL than in other monitored central European small catchments areas. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil solution chemistry support belowground inputs from mineral-stabilized legacy pollutants. Overall, the soil solution data suggest that the ecosystem was still chemically out of balance relative to the concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, UDL exhibited similar soil solution concentrations of SO42, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Co-operative Program (ICP) Forest sites with similar bedrock lithology and vegetation cover, yet NO3- concentrations were an order of magnitude higher. When concentrations of SO42-, NO3- and base cations in runoff are compared to soil pore waters, higher concentration in runoff points to lateral surficial leaching of pollutants and nutrients in excess than from topsoil to subsoil. With P availability being below the lowest range observed in soil plots from the Czech Republic, the managed forest ecosystem in UDL probably reflects growing inputs of C from regenerating vegetation in the N-saturated soil, which leads to P depletion in the soil. In addition, the observed spatial variability provides evidence pointing to substrate variability, C and P bioavailability, and landscape as major controls over base metal leaching toward the subsoil level in N-saturated catchments.

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“…Lysina (LYS) catchment in the western Czech Republic (elevation of 830-950 m) was characterized by a mean water residence time of 15.2 months [48]. Dehtare and Jenin catchments in the central Czech Republic (elevations of 500-640 and 640-880 m) had a mean water residence time of 12.5 and 9.3 months, respectively [49]. A fourth small catchment located in a spruce die-back affected area near Jezeri (northwestern Czech Republic; elevation of 540-750 m) exhibited just slightly lower mean water residence time of 7.2 months than UDL [50].…”

Section: A 1 Hydraulic Insights From 18 O/ 16 O Isotope Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially Resolved Soil Solution Chemistry in a Central European Atmospherically Polluted High-Elevation Catchment

Petrash

Bůzek

Novák

et al. 2019

Preprint

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In order to interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning and compare these with runoff in a temperate forest with a history of acidification-related spruce die-back, the chemistry of mineral soil solutions were collected by suction lysimeters and evaluated relative to the present loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Lysimeters nest were installed in the 33-ha U dvou loucek (UDL) mountain catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following equilibration, monthly soil solution samples were collected over a 2-year period. In the vicinity of each lysimeter nest, soil pits were excavated for constraining soil chemistry. Soil solutions were analyzed for SO4 2-, NO3 -, NH4 + , Na+, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and total dissolved Al concentrations, dissolved organic matter (DOC) and pH. For a P release estimation, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Comparison of soil water data with other previously acidified monitored European sites indicated that environmentally relevant chemical species at UDL had concentrations similar to median concentrations observed in sites with similar bedrock lithology and vegetation cover. Cation exchange capacity (CEC ≤ 58 meq kg-1) and base saturation (BS ≤ 13 %), however, were significantly lower at UDL, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil water chemistry support belowground inputs from mineralstabilized legacy pollutants. Overall, the soil-solution data suggest the system is out of balance chemically, relative to the present loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Higher concentrations of SO4 2-, NO3 -, and base cations in runoff than in soil solutions is explained by lateral surficial leaching of pollutants and nutrients from shallow soil horizons. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, UDL exhibited similar soil solution concentrations of SO4 2 , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Co-operative Program (ICP) Forest sites, yet NO3concentrations were an order of magnitude higher.

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Application of two-component model of drainage discharge to nitrate contamination

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Drainage water temperature as a basis for verifying drainage runoff composition on slopes

Drainage water temperature as a basis for verifying drainage runoff composition on slopes

Spatially resolved soil solution chemistry in a central European atmospherically polluted high-elevation catchment

Spatially Resolved Soil Solution Chemistry in a Central European Atmospherically Polluted High-Elevation Catchment

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