Application of tropical legumes for pig feed

Abstract

Raw legume seeds are important source of protein and other nutrients for monogastric animals. However, these legume seeds include many kinds of anti‐nutritive factors (ANF) such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, lectins and tannins. Although these ANF vary by species, cultivation areas and harvesting methods, they play a role in decreasing the utilization of nutrients. The pig is a monogastric animal which is slightly tolerant to the ANF in raw legume seed. Nevertheless, the optimal use of legume seed as a pig feed necessitates a lowering of the toxicity in the raw seed until it is appropriate for incorporation in the feed. There are many methods to improve the utilization of nutrients in legume seed, such as breeding improvement, physical treatments (decortications, dehulling, milling and others), heat treatments (toasting, boiling, extrusion, streaming or autoclave), chelating substances for binding toxics, radiation and soaking. The choice of the treatment depends on the availability of facilities and economic considerations. This article reviews and discusses the nutrients in legume seeds and might offer an important information on legume seeds for pig feed to nutritionists.

In vitro prediction of standardised ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibilities in grain legumes for growing pigs

“…Grain legumes are frequently used as feed ingredients in pig diets due to their high contents of crude protein (CP), amino acids (AA) and energy (Mekbungwan, 2007). Progress in plant breeding may improve both quality and protein contents in grain legumes (Monti and Grillo, 1983;Clarke and Wiseman, 2000): therefore, there may be a need to reevaluate the nutritional value of currently available grain legume cultivars such as faba beans, field peas and lupins.…”

The Alternatives to Soybeans for Animal Feed in the Tropics

“…Several reports concerning the interest in seeds as feed have been made: Bhat and Karim 2009;Mekbungwan, 2007 andEkanayake et al 2000. In temperate and tropical areas, the search for alternative protein sources has led to an increasing interest in the use of grain legumes.…”

“…In the tropics, some legumes seeds are food and feed and consequently competition potentially exists between humans and animals. Siddhuraju and Becker, 2007;Ekanayake et al, 2000;Sridhar and Seena, 2006;Ekanayake et al, 1999. 3) Hossain and Becker, 2001.4) Mekbungwan, 2007 …”

Soybeans (Glycine max) and Soybean Products in Poultry and Swine Nutrition

“…The role of fibre in monogastric diets has attracted much attention in recent years, due to the facts that (a) the soluble NSP elicit anti-nutritive effects (Choct, 1997). The components of nondigestible carbohydrates of a feedstuff are NSP, consisting of water insoluble cellulose and water soluble gums, hemicelluloses, pectic substances and mucilages (Mekbungwan, 2007) . Polysaccharides are plymers of monosaccharides joined through glycosidic linkages and are defined and classified in terms of the following structural (Choct, 1997).…”