Application of Traditional Vaccine Development Strategies to SARS-CoV-2

Lordan, Ronan; Lee, Alexandra; Naik, Amruta; Wellhausen, Nils; Kolla, Likhitha; Gitter, Anthony; Greene, Casey S.; Bansal, V.; Barton, John P.; Boca, Simina M.; Boerckel, Joel D.; Brueffer, Christian; Byrd, James B; Capone, Stephen; Das, Shikta; Dattoli, Anna Ada; Dziak, John J.; Field, Jeffrey; Ghosh, Soumita; Goel, Rishi R.; Greene, Casey S.; Guebila, Marouen Ben; Himmelstein, Daniel; Hu, Fengling; Jadavji, Nafisa M.; Kamil, Jeremy P.; Knyazev, S. P.; Lordan, Ronan; Lubiana, Tiago; Lukan, Temitayo; MacLean, Adam L.; Mai, David; Mangul, Serghei; Manheim, David; McGowan, Lucy D’Agostino; Meyer, Jesse G.; Mundo, Ariel I.; Park, YoSon; Perrin, Dimitri; Qi, Yanjun; Rafizadeh, Diane N.; Ramsundar, Bharath; Rando, Halie M.; S, Ray; Robson, Michael P.; Rubinetti, Vincent; Sell, Elizabeth; Skelly, Ashwin N.; Sun, Yuchen; Sun, Yusha; Szeto, Gregory L.; Velazquez, Ryan; Wang, Jinhui

doi:10.1128/msystems.00927-22

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…The development and application of these vaccines must be carefully monitored as the attenuated viruses can revert to pathogenic ones that might cause symptomatic problems at the application site, usually the nasal cavity for SARS-CoV-2 [ 171 , 172 ]. LAVs should not be applied to individuals who might be highly susceptible to viral infections, such as those with a genetic or acquired immunodeficiency, those receiving immunosuppression treatment after a transplant, or receiving anti-proliferative medication or radiotherapy, or individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 173 , 174 ]. It is also recommended that these individuals should not be in contact with LAVs vaccinated individuals as they might acquire the attenuated virus, which could proliferate unchecked under a depressed immune system causing severe health problems [ 173 , 174 ].…”

Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LAVs should not be applied to individuals who might be highly susceptible to viral infections, such as those with a genetic or acquired immunodeficiency, those receiving immunosuppression treatment after a transplant, or receiving anti-proliferative medication or radiotherapy, or individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [ 173 , 174 ]. It is also recommended that these individuals should not be in contact with LAVs vaccinated individuals as they might acquire the attenuated virus, which could proliferate unchecked under a depressed immune system causing severe health problems [ 173 , 174 ]. Other susceptible groups are the elder and those prone to developing “Long COVID”.…”

Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some LAVs against SARS-CoV-2 are under preclinical and clinical essays [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 ]. These vaccines have the advantage that their storage and distribution require only refrigerator temperatures (02 to 08 °C) [ 177 ].…”

Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mild symptoms are attributed to a robust immune system, it is also possible that some of these individuals were infected with a low pathogenicity virus variant, and so could be the source of virus strains that already have a certain degree of attenuation. These strains could be a good starting point for developing an attenuated virus useful for a vaccine [ 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ].…”

Section: Indirect Dispersion Of Live-attenuated Virus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Pacheco-García

Serafín‐López

2023

Vaccines

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It has been 34 months since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, which causes the COVID-19 disease. In several countries, immunization has reached a proportion near what is required to reach herd immunity. Nevertheless, infections and re-infections have been observed even in vaccinated persons. That is because protection conferred by vaccines is not entirely effective against new virus variants. It is unknown how often booster vaccines will be necessary to maintain a good level of protective immunity. Furthermore, many individuals refuse vaccination, and in developing countries, a large proportion of the population has not yet been vaccinated. Some live-attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed. Here, we analyze the indirect dispersion of a live-attenuated virus from vaccinated individuals to their contacts and the contribution that this phenomenon could have to reaching Herd Immunity.

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Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Features Of Lavs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indirect Dispersion Of Live-attenuated Virus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Pacheco-García

Serafín‐López

2023

Vaccines

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“…As we review in a companion article ( 1 ), vaccine technologies prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were largely based on triggering an immune response by introducing a virus or one of its components. Such vaccines are designed to induce an adaptive immune response without causing the associated viral illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

et al. 2023

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What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

Qian,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Cell Biology International

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, enhanced virulence, and immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a public health intervention, and different types of vaccines are used worldwide. However, new variants continue to emerge, especially the Omicron complex, and the neutralizing antibody responses are diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined the uniqueness of SARS‐CoV‐2 from three perspectives. First, we described the detailed structure of the spike (S) protein, which is highly susceptible to mutations and contributes to the distinct infection cycle of the virus. Second, we systematically summarized the immunoglobulin G epitopes of SARS‐CoV‐2 and highlighted the central role of the nonconserved regions of the S protein in adaptive immune escape. Third, we provided an overview of the vaccines targeting the S protein and discussed the impact of the nonconserved regions on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization and identification of the structure and genomic organization of SARS‐CoV‐2 will help elucidate its mechanisms of viral mutation and infection and provide a basis for the selection of optimal treatments. The leaps in advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted vaccines and therapeutic remedies provide sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, and technology evolved at the pace of the pandemic.

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Application of Traditional Vaccine Development Strategies to SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 9 publications

References 223 publications

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

The Coming of Age of Nucleic Acid Vaccines during COVID-19

What makes SARS‐CoV‐2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein

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