Application of total-reflection X-ray fluorescence for the determination of lead, calcium and zinc in size-fractionated marine aerosols

Stable (206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) and radioactive (210Pb) lead isotopes in 1year of growth of Sphagnum moss from four ombrotrophic bogs in southern Germany: Geochemical significance and environmental implications

“…Subsequent studies using surface analytical methods did indeed find that Pb concentrations, for example, were more than an order of magnitude greater on the surface of fly ash particles compared to the interior (Linton et al, 1976). There have been many studies of the particle-size distribution of Pb in anthropogenic aerosols (Corrin and Natusch, 1979), and the particle size distribution of Pb is virtually independent of the geographic location measured, (Lee et al, 1968;Lee and von Lehmden, 1973;Lindberg and Harriss, 1981;Lindberg et al, 1982;Coe and Lindberg, 1987;Davidson and Wu, 1989;Stahlschmidt et al, 1997;Allen et al, 2001).…”

“…In contrast to 222 Rn which remains in the atmosphere until it decays, its non-gaseous, radioactive decay products (such as 210 Pb) become attached to aerosols and are removed from the atmosphere by precipitation and dry deposition. Calculations predicted that 90% of the aerosol-born natural radioactivity of air should be attached to particles smaller than 0.5 lm (Baust, 1967) and measurements confirm this (Sanak et al, 1981;Schneider et al, 1983;Bondietti et al, 1988;Stahlschmidt et al, 1997;Suzuki et al, 1999). Time series have shown that 210 Pb created in the atmosphere has an initial activity median diameter of less than 0.2 lm but this grows to ca.…”

TXRF spectrometry in the bioanalytical sciences: A brief review

“…[ 30 ] However, more recent applications are based on cascade impactors that allow direct deposition of the aerosol's different size fractions on TXRF sample holder. [ 31 ] TXRF, among other techniques, was used to study the environmental problem of induction of uranium in crops grown on a mining site in Hungary. [ 32 ] Also, TXRF has been applied to studying different species of trees as bioindicators of pollution.…”

Application of Ion Chromatography, Nuclear and Spectrochemical Techniques for Trace and Major Element Determination in Seaside Aerosols

“…In order to get large numbers of markers, multielement analytical techniques and/or more than one analytical technique is required. Commonly used analytical techniques for the determination of sample compositions at very low concentrations in atmospheric aerosols and wet-dry depositions are Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]18], Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) [3,5,[8][9][10][11]20], Proton Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) [12][13][14][15][16], Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) [17,18,21,22,31], Stripping Voltammetry [18], Electron-probe X-ray Microanalysis (EPXMA) [19,[23][24][25]27], Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers (ATOFMS) [26,28] and X-Ray Fluorescence techniques (Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence [30], Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence [29], Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence [31]). …”