Application of total process energy-integration in retrofitting an ammonia plant

Wang, Yao; Du, Jian; Wu, Jintao; He, Gaohong; Guo-zhu, Kuang; Fan, Xishan; Yao, Pingjing; Shen, Lu; Li, Peiyi; Tao, Jigang; Wan, Yong; Kuang, Zhengyang; Tian, Yong

doi:10.1016/s0306-2619(03)00011-4

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Several tools including, Driving Force Plot (DFP), Composite curves (CCs), Grand Composite Curve (GCC) are applied for thermal analysis of processes [11]. If the thermal system is presented in the pinch diagram (HT diagram) by CCs, the minimum vertical distance between hot and cold curves represents the minimum approach temperature for thermal exchanges, DT min .…”

Section: Threshold Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Panjeshahi

Langeroudi

Tahouni

2008

Energy

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Section: Threshold Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes reformer combustion air preheat, control of steam to carbon ratio [1], hydrogen recovery from purge gas, improved CO 2 removal system [2,3] and co-generation [4,5]. Other attempts include optimization [6], safety [7], advanced control [8], improved catalysts [9] and heat integration [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Panjeshahi

Langeroudi

Tahouni

2008

Energy

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“…Several authors have already assessed the performance of the ammonia production from biomass in terms of efficiency and life cycle emissions . Potentials for energy efficiency improvements in existing plants have been investigated in Panjeshahi et al, Rafiqul et al, and Wang et al Applying pinch analysis and exergy analysis, power savings of 15 % through optimization of the refrigeration system were revealed in Panjeshahi et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐environomic evaluation of the ammonia production

2015

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Within the global challenge of sustainable energy supply and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, carbon capture and storage and the deployment of renewable resources are considered as promising solutions. In this study the production of ammonia mainly used in the fertilizer industry and that is responsible for around 2–3 % of the world greenhouse gas emissions is analyzed. Considering natural gas and biomass as a resource and the option of CO2 capture and storage, different process configurations are systematically compared with regard to energy, economic and environmental considerations. A consistent thermo‐environonomic optimization approach combining flowsheeting, process integration techniques, economic performance evaluation, life cycle assessment and multi‐objective optimization is applied for the conceptual process design and competitiveness evaluation. It is highlighted that the quality of the process integration is a key factor for improving the performance by valorizing the heat excess through electricity cogeneration. Including CO2 mitigation in the ammonia production allows to reduce the emissions but leads to a slight efficiency decrease due to the energy consumption for the CO2 compression. For the natural gas fed process yielding an energy efficiency around 65 %, the overall life cycle emissions can be reduced to 0.79 kgCO2/kgNH3 with CO2 capture compared to 1.6 kgCO2/kgNH3 without capture. Considering the biogenic nature of the carbon in the biomass, the emissions drop to −1.79 kgCO2/kgNH3 for the biomass process having an energy efficiency of 50 %. The economic competitiveness highly depends on the resource price and the introduction of a carbon tax. This study reveals the potential of the decarbonization of the fertilizer industry.

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“…BOG produced due to heat leaking into LNG tanks can contain as much as 95% methane. Purge and off-gases from ammonia and methanol production containing mainly hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and so on can be of much value as fuels. , Syngas is a residue/product of gasification and a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor. It is normally used as an intermediate in ammonia, hydrogen, and methanol production and many petrochemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Synthesis of Fuel Gas Networks to Conserve Energy and Preserve the Environment

Hasan

Karimi

Avison

2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Many chemical plants produce a variety of hydrocarbon gases with fuel value. A fuel gas network (FGN) integrates and uses these fuel gases appropriately to make best use of them. FGNs are critical components of many chemical plants including liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants and refineries. However, a systematic approach to design and operate realistic FGNs is not currently available in the literature. We address the optimal synthesis of an FGN with many practical features such as auxiliary equipment (valves, pipelines, compressors, heaters/coolers, etc.), nonisobaric and nonisothermal operation, nonisothermal mixing, nonlinear fuel-quality specifications, fuel/utility costs, disposal and treatment costs, and emission standards. We develop a nonlinear program (NLP) based on a novel superstructure that embeds plausible alternatives for heating/cooling, moving, mixing, and splitting. We successfully apply our model to three real-life case studies from the LNG and refinery industries to demonstrate that an FGN can save 40À50% of the total energy costs of a plant and reduce the fuel-from-feed or fuel-from-product consumptions by similar amounts. This work represents an important contribution toward conserving energy, preserving the environment, and improving plant economics using advanced techniques of process systems optimization.

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Application of total process energy-integration in retrofitting an ammonia plant

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Retrofit of ammonia plant for improving energy efficiency

Thermo‐environomic evaluation of the ammonia production

Preliminary Synthesis of Fuel Gas Networks to Conserve Energy and Preserve the Environment

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