Application of three-dimensional technologies in restoration of architectural decor elements

Building Research & Information

Mascort-Albea

et al. 2023

Non-destructive testing (NDT) for the diagnosis of heritage buildings has proved to be one of the most sustainable approaches in the field of preventive conservation. Nevertheless, the comprehensive management of NDT information is complex, often resulting in a poorly optimized use of the data. This contribution aims to propose a method for integrating NDT data in a standardized way into simplified digital information models, produced using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This method is applied to the plasterwork located in the Courtyard of the Maidens, which are elements with an enormous historic-artistic value in the Royal Alcazar of Seville (Spain), a significant UNESCO monument. For this purpose, a multi-scale web GIS-based model has integrated the NDT information from the plasterworks, such as ambient conditions, damage mapping, C-Shore Hardness, Superficial Humidity, Infrared thermography (IRT), Digital Image Processing (DIP) and Ground Penetration Radar (GPR). The combined georeferencing of the data from the various measurements and their simultaneous visualization has enabled the detection of vulnerable areas in the complex. The results are easily accessible for managers, and additionally show the analytical potential of the research approach, thereby allowing a quick diagnosis and hierarchization of tasks.

Section: Digital Image Processing (Dip)mentioning

confidence: 99%

NDT spatial data integration for monumental buildings: technical information management for the Royal Alcazar of Seville

Hidalgo-Sánchez

Building Research & Information

Mascort-Albea

et al. 2023

“…The advantages and implementations offered by the technique will be studied when approaching on-site inspections and through routine non-destructive tests (NDT) for the maintenance of plasterwork. Likewise, the model obtained facilitates the dissemination of elements of great heritage interest, such as this plasterwork, and will allow the virtual and material reproduction of the models (Ávila Rodríguez, 2019;Norin, Golovina, & Tikhonov, 2019).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14). In fact, the reconstruction of plasterwork using digital tools and modern techniques such as computerized numerical control milling (CNC milling) and laser cutting (Marshall, 2007) or scanning and reproduction by 3D printing in polylactic acid (PLA) is currently being promoted (Ávila Rodríguez, 2019;Norin et al, 2019). Likewise, it would also be possible to hypothesize the original polychromies or polychromies that can be applied in future restoration interventions to validate the intervention (Torres-González et al, 2022).…”

Section: Volumetric Reconstructions and Polychrome Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric state of degradation assessment of decorative claddings: the plasterwork of the Maidens' Courtyard (The Royal Alcazar of Seville)

Revuelta

Castillo

2023

Virtual Archaeol. Rev.

Highlights: The photogrammetric survey demonstrates to be a potential tool in the preventive conservation of ancient plasterworks. The high-precision 3D model allows the study and quantification of alterations (e.g. fissures, deformations, and loss of mass or polychromies). The virtual model and the analysis performed with CloudCompare software provide fast, accurate and accessible results to experts in the field. Abstract: Previous studies and documentation about the state of conservation of architectural or decorative elements are crucial for heritage managers, technicians and researchers to succeed in the maintenance and preservation of the heritage. In this sense, hand tracings, digital drawings, or photographs have traditionally been the methods for alteration and sample mapping. In spite of their effectiveness, these methods have some disadvantages, such as the need for more precision in terms of location, dimensions, quantification and types of alterations. By contrast, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models allow us to analyse decorative ancient plasterworks with great precision, offering considerable advantages over traditional tools for heritage documentation. To facilitate stakeholders’ work and enhance the quality of data collected, this work proposes the use of photogrammetry as a tool for the documentation of polychromed ancient plasterworks, taking the upper frieze of the access door to the Charles V ceiling room in the Royal Alcazar of Seville as a case of study. Thus, the work methodology applied has shown several advantages over previous methods. On the one hand, it was possible to obtain a 2D planimetry from the 3D model; this is an essential step for those responsible for heritage, especially in reports prior to restoration interventions. On the other hand, the 3D model created enables present alterations identification, the location of fissures and cracks in their three dimensions (opening, length and depth), deformations measurement and control, the quantification of mass or polychrome loss, and the detached elements digital reconstruction. In this way, highprecision digital results are quickly obtained and accessible to all the experts involved in the heritage conservation and maintenance plan.

“…(iii) Medium level reintegration is a 'differentiated reintegration' resource that enables the complete integration of the new elements into the whole, without achieving full replication of the original work and without causing aesthetic or visual conflicts that harm the general contemplation of the interior space. In this case, given the symmetry of the shapes and the repetition of the decorative patterns, 3D scanning of the vaults and significant details was carried out using a white light scanner, digitizing the model and rebuilding elements by 3D printing Norin, Golovina, and Tikhonov 2019). For the adhesion of the printed elements, polyvinyl acetate was used, and in large volumes they were reinforced with fiberglass rods and epoxy adhesive.…”

Section: Sealing Of Fissures/cracks and Consolidation Of Disintegrate...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for Conservation and Restoration of Historic Polychrome Plasterwork: the Church of St María la Blanca in Seville, Spain

Studies in Conservation

Martín-del-Río

Sánchez

et al. 2022

Carrying out an intervention for the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage, focused on the preservation of decorative elements such as polychromed plasterwork, implies following a methodology to study the materials and techniques used in each case to establish an intervention proposal according to the circumstances. This work offers some methodological guidelines necessary to approach the conservation of plasterwork and its polychromies, applied in a recent case study according to the criteria established by the 14th General Assembly of ICOMOS in 2003, the Law 14/2007 of Andalusian Historical Heritage, the Law 16/1985 of the Spanish Historical Heritage, and indications contained in the ECCO Guidelines. The novelty of the paper is that it presents the conservation decisions on a real case from the beginning until the endshowing the entire process and validating the proposed methodologyby using current restoration techniques and digital tools for the reconstruction of plasterwork.