Application of Three-Dimensional Explicit Discontinuous Deformation Analysis on Wave Propagation in Rock Masses Using Three Viscous Boundaries with the Remedy for Artificial Joints

A Numerical Study of Elastic Wave Arrival Behavior in a Naturally Fractured Rock Based on a Combined Displacement Discontinuity-Discrete Fracture Network Model

“…Over the past decades, extensive research has been done to investigate wave propagation in fractured rocks based on theoretical analysis (Schoenberg 1980 ; Hudson 1981 ; Crampin 1984 ; Pyrak-Nolte and Cook 1987 ; Shapiro and Kneib 1993 ; Pyrak-Nolte and Nolte 1995 ; Zhao and Cai 2001 ; Perino et al 2010 ; Li 2013 ; Li et al 2014 , 2015 ; Fan et al 2018 , 2021 ), laboratory experiments (Pyrak-Nolte et al 1990 ; Pyrak-Nolte 1996 ; Huang et al 2014 ; Chen et al 2015 , 2016 ; Zhu et al 2015 ; Liu et al 2017 ; Li et al 2017 , 2019 ; Modiriasari et al 2020 ), and numerical simulations (Vlastos et al 2003 , 2007 ; Wang et al 2006 , 2022 ; Deng et al 2012 ; Fan et al 2013 ; Fu et al 2015 ; Yousef and Angus 2016 ; Chen et al 2019 ; Zhu et al 2020 ; Lei and Sornette 2021a , b ; Yang et al 2021 ; Sawayama et al 2022 ). The elementary scenario for studying wave propagation in fractured rock is the transmission of wave energy across a single fracture, which is controlled by the fracture stiffness, wave frequency, and matrix properties (Schoenberg 1980 ; Pyrak-Nolte et al 1990 ).…”