“…Among the available papers, the fewest studies concern refrigerant gases, as evidenced by the review paper by Joseph T. Costello et al from 2012, in which out of 19 analyzed research works on thermal evaluation after LC treatments, only one concerned localized CA (and the rest concerned a cryotherapy cuff, crushed ice, cold water, after gel pack, cooling gel, ice massage, and frozen peas) [ 6 ]. Supplementing the data in the source material is extremely important in view of the increasing use of refrigerant gases (LNV, CA, carbon dioxide microcrystals) in clinical practice in LC treatments [ 16 , 20 , 37 , 51 , 54 ]. For this reason, in the presented study, the thermal response after LNV, CA and IB application was compared to determine their cooling potential based on the thermographic image.…”