Application of the theory of planned behavior to predict smoking intentions: cross-cultural comparison of Kenyan and American young adults

Abstract

Despite well-established research on the applications of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the American culture, TPB has not been fully tested in the Kenyan culture. This study compared the applications of TPB in predicting smoking intentions (i.e., future and weekend smoking intentions) of Kenyan and American young adults. Data were collected from 252 Kenyans and 227 Americans. The Kenyan participants consisted of 41.7% females with a mean age of 25 years (SD = 4.81). The American participants (49.3% females) had an average age of 19 years (SD = 1.30). Multi-group path analysis was performed to test the equivalence of a TPB-based mediation model in Kenyans and Americans. Significant differences of TPB application were detected. In the American model, smoking consequence beliefs were indirectly associated with smoking intentions through attitudes whereas neither direct nor indirect effects of smoking consequence beliefs were detected in the Kenyan model. Instead, normative beliefs indirectly associated with future and weekend smoking intentions through attitudes and subjective norms in the Kenyan model. Despite some overlapping paths, there were cultural variations on specific associations among TPB constructs between Kenyans and Americans. Cultural adaptations may be needed when applying TPB in the Kenyan cultural context.

Prevalence, knowledge and factors associated with e-cigarette use among parents of secondary school children

“…The main facilitators and barriers related to intention to use an e-cigarette centred around control beliefs (50% of the variance), supporting previous research [ 33 ]. Two influences emerged as both facilitators and barriers to use in parents, these were owning a device and convenience of purchasing liquids, consistent with previous research [ 34 , 35 ].…”

To read or not to read: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour to food label use

“…A series of meta‐analysis studies demonstrate the robustness of the TPB perspective in modelling decision‐making in a variety of health settings (Cooke et al., 2016; Cooke & French, 2008; Godin & Kok, 1996). More recent research offers further evidence supporting the efficacy of the TPB perspective in predicting the role of parents in preventing childhood obesity (Andrews et al., 2010), young adults’ consumption of alcohol and junk food (Ajzen & Sheikh, 2013), the relation between parent guidance and children's consumption of healthy food (Yee et al., 2019), children's tooth‐brushing behaviour at different ages (Lee et al., 2020), the cross‐cultural comparison of young adults’ intention to smoke (Lu et al., 2021), and the perceptions of HPV vaccines (Chen et al., 2020). Extending this line of research, this study integrates the TPB framework with research in nutrition literacy to investigate factors that might affect consumers’ intention to use food labels.…”

Work-family Conflict, Perceived Stress and Intention to Commit Traffic Violations: A Model Guided by The Theory of Planned Behavior

“…As a theory of the proximal determinants of behaviors, the TPB is considered to mediate the influence of distant factors and other psychological factors [16]. Increasingly, previous studies [17][18][19][20], have linked the TPB with psychological stress, indicating that stress factors have impact on attitudes, control and beliefs to understand various types of intentions and behaviors.…”