Application of the Maximum Pest Limit Concept to Quarantine Security Standards for the Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Mangan, Robert L.; Frampton, E. R.; Thomas, Donald B.; Moreno, D. S.

doi:10.1093/jee/90.6.1433

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Quantitative methods have been developed to calculate the number of test insects and confidence limits for other levels of precision and treatment efficacy, with and without survivors (19). Although probit 9 testing seems like a comfortable level of safety, given a highly infested commodity or a high enough volume of infested commodity imports, even probit 9 security could be overwhelmed (85,109). Other countries (e.g., Japan, Australia, and New Zealand) accept quarantine treatment efficacy at 99.99% (at the 95% confidence level), which is obtained by treating 29,956 insects with no survivors (19).…”

Section: Probit 9 and Alternative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach makes an important conceptual advance by focusing on absolute numbers of survivors rather than percent mortality. Maximum pest limit is another concept closely related to the alternative treatment efficacy that focuses on survival rather than mortality (10,85). It is defined as the maximum number of insects that can be present in a consignment imported during a specified time at a specified location, and is therefore flexible in terms of treatment efficacy and permissible infestation levels (10).…”

Section: Probit 9 and Alternative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current Trends in Quarantine Entomology

Follett

Neven

2006

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

266

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key Words quarantine pests, phytosanitary measures, probit 9 alternatives, generic treatments, systems approach ■ Abstract With world trade in agricultural commodities increasing, the introduction of exotic insects into new areas where they become pests will increase. The development and application of quarantine treatments or other mitigation approaches to prevent pest introduction in traded commodities raise many research and regulatory issues. The probit 9 standard for quarantine treatment efficacy has given way to riskbased alternatives. Varietal testing may have merit for some treatments or commodities but not for others. Development of generic treatments to control broad groups of insects or insects in all commodities can expedite new trade in agricultural products. Area-wide pest management programs lower pest levels before harvest and improve the quarantine security provided by any postharvest treatments. Systems approaches capitalize on cumulative pest mortality from multiple control components to achieve quarantine security in an exported commodity. Certain quarantine treatment technologies such as irradiation are not universally accepted, which is slowing their adoption. Standardized phytosanitary measures and research protocols are needed to improve the flow of information when countries propose to trade in a regulated commodity.

show abstract

Section: Probit 9 and Alternative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probit 9 and Alternative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Quarantine Entomology

Follett

Neven

2006

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

266

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other crop/pest systems also qualify for this approach. In crop/pest systems where infestation rates in the Þeld have the potential to be high, various pest management tactics can be incorporated into a risk management system to arrive at low infestation rates at harvest (Landolt et al 1984, Mangan et al 1997, the so-called systems approach (MofÞtt 1990, Jang andMofÞtt 1994). For some highly infested fruit crops, preharvest pest management is actually critical to ensure that postharvest treatments causing the probit 9 level of mortality provide quarantine security (e.g., Mangan et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Development of Quarantine Treatments for Insects on Poor Hosts

Follett

McQuate

2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The probit 9 standard for quarantine treatment efficacy (99.9968% mortality) was originally recommended for tropical fruits heavily infested with fruit flies and it centers on high mortality to achieve quarantine security. This standard may be too stringent for quarantine pests in commodities that are rarely infested or are poor hosts, The alternative treatment efficacy approach measures risk as the probability of a mating pair, gravid female, or parthenogenic individual surviving in a shipment. This will be a function of many factors including infestation rate and shipment volume. Applying the risk-based alternative treatment efficacy approach to pests on rarely infested or poor hosts will lower the number of required test insects needed for developing quarantine treatments; hence data for a quarantine treatment could be generated by testing 10,000 or fewer insects with no survivors, compared with 90,000-100,000 insects to demonstrate the traditional probit 9 efficacy. Several commodity/quarantine pest systems where this approach could be applied are discussed. This approach would save time and resources, and help farmers export their crop on a more-timely basis.

show abstract

“…Quantitative methods have been developed to calculate the number of test insects and confidence limits for other levels of precision and treatment efficacy, with and without survivors (Couey and Chew 1986). A probit 9 treatment usually provides adequate quarantine security (but see Mangan et al 1997;Powell 2003), and developing such a treatment frequently proves to be the quickest and most easily accepted method for overcoming phytosanitary restrictions. Other countries (Japan, Australia, New Zealand) accept quarantine treatment efficacy at 99.99% (at the 95% confidence level), which is obtained by treating 29 956 insects with no survivors (Couey and Chew 1986).…”

Section: Probit 9 Efficacy and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum pest limit is another approach to quarantine security that focuses on survival rather than mortality and is closely related to the alternative treatment efficacy approach (Baker et al 1990;Mangan et al 1997). It is defined as the maximum number of insects that can be present in a consignment imported during a specified time at a specified location (Baker et al 1990).…”

Section: Probit 9 Efficacy and Alternativesmentioning

confidence: 99%