Application of the lactose<sup>13</sup>C‐ureide breath test for measurement of equine orocaecal transit time

Sutton, David; Preston, Tom; Love, S.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00407.x

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Analysis of variance revealed that the effect of drug treatment on OCTT, caecal t lag and caecal t 1/2 was significant in each case (P<0.05), while the effect of horse or week was not significant, suggesting that these were not confounding factors. Mean values for OCTT and caecal t lag in the saline control group were estimated by the lactose 13 C‐ureide breath test as 5.77 (± 1.67) h and 7.70 (± 1.65) h, respectively; both of these values were greater than that reported previously using the same test meal . These values were not significantly different from those in either the imidocarb/saline or imidocarb/glycopyrrolate groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…All subjects were stabled and fasted for 14 h prior to each test to reduce baseline shifts in 13 C output and ensure each had an empty stomach. The animals were primed to maximise bacterial lactose ureide hydrolase enzymatic activity by feeding unlabelled lactose 12 C‐ureide (15 mg/kg bwt) 16 h prior to each test as reported previously .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After ingestion of a primer dose of lactose 12 C‐ureide (15 mg/kg bwt) 16 h previously, each animal voluntarily ingested a test meal containing lactose 13 C‐ureide (2.7 mg/kg bwt β‐lactosyl 13 C‐ureide dihydrate), prepared in cooked egg white as described previously . The test meal consisted of 150 g oats, 100 g wheat bran and 200 ml water for horses and exactly half of each component for ponies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OCTT was estimated to be that point at which PDR cum approximated 3% (), i.e. time after ingestion at which 3% of cumulative isotope recovery at time infinity had been achieved .

OCTT = Gammainv (0.0 3; b + 1; 1 / normalc)

The parameters caecal t 1/2 (duration from ingestion to recovery of 50% of total cumulative isotope recovery at time infinity) and caecal t lag (duration from ingestion to time of maximal dose recovery rate of the expiratory 13 C label) were calculated as given in :

Caecal {normalt}_{1 / 2} = Gammainv (0. 50; b + 1; 1 / normalc)

Caecal {normalt}_{lag} = normalb / normalc

where b and c are rate constants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent hydrolysis of the released 13 C‐urea component results in rapid liberation of stable 13 CO 2 and its appearance in the bicarbonate pool. As glycosylureide cleavage is the rate‐limiting step in this process, mass spectrometric analysis of the 13 C: 12 C ratio in expiratory breath after ingestion of the labelled test meal provides an indirect measurement of OCTT .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test

Kutscha¹,

Sutton

Preston

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Imidocarb dipropionate is the drug of choice for equine piroplasmosis, but its administration causes severe colic and diarrhoea. An imidocarb protocol that reduces these signs is required. Objectives:(1) Quantification of the effects of imidocarb dipropionate on equine o r o c a e c a l t r a n s i t t i m e ( O C T T ) , w i t h a n d w i t h o u t a t r o p i n e o r g l y c o p y r r o l a t e premedication; (2) Investigation of an improved pre-treatment regimen for imidocarb administration. Hypothesis: Treatment with imidocarb dipropionate will result in colic and reducedOCTT as demonstrated by the lactose 13 C-ureide breath test (LUBT), which will be ameliorated by premedication with atropine or glycopyrrolate. Methods:The effects of three drug therapies on OCTT were compared in six healthy horses in a randomised double-blind study versus a saline control: (i) imidocarb small intestinal motility, which was not seen with glycopyrrolate. Pre-medication with glycopyrrolate is recommended when using imidocarb for equine piroplasmosis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OCTT was estimated to be that point at which PDR cum approximated 3% (), i.e. time after ingestion at which 3% of cumulative isotope recovery at time infinity had been achieved .

OCTT = Gammainv (0.0 3; b + 1; 1 / normalc)

Caecal {normalt}_{1 / 2} = Gammainv (0. 50; b + 1; 1 / normalc)

Caecal {normalt}_{lag} = normalb / normalc

where b and c are rate constants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test

Kutscha¹,

Sutton

Preston

et al. 2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Effects of exercise on gastrointestinal function

Lorenzo-Figueras¹,

Merritt²,

Hinchcliff³

et al. 2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

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On the question of colic: Are answers beginning to emerge?

Marr¹

2012

Equine Veterinary Journal

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In EVJ's last issue, Dr Martin Burton challenged the veterinary world to prepare and publish systematic reviews that will inform veterinary practice [1]. Dr Burton's comments were in response to our publication of our first systematic review addressing interventions for dynamic intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate [2]. Clinicians looking for other, similarly robust pieces of evidence in relation to either surgical or medical interventions in the horse are likely to be rather disappointed. Nevertheless, in clinical and applied research relating to colic, numerous groups internationally are working on clinically relevant research questions relating to this major cause of equine mortality. Much early work on colic surgery was published in EVJ by Professor Barrie Edwards and his colleagues, eventually going on to establish a huge database on risk factors and outcome following colic surgery in general [3]. There is now a need to refine our questions about colic more specifically to build up evidence that will influence clinical practice. What are the risk factors and prevalence of colic for horses in specific subgroups?Parasite infection is recognised as a major risk factor for colic in many age groups and types of horses, and the spectre of multidrug anthelmintic resistance is on our horizon [4,5]. In this issue, Dr Relf and colleagues report that despite awareness of this challenge amongst UK Thoroughbred farm managers and owners, there is now a pressing need to convince them to adopt control strategies that are less dependent on anthelmintics to minimise the development of widespread resistance [6]. Increasing age is significantly associated with colic [7], and geriatric horses are more likely to have more serious forms of colic, which is reflected by increased levels of pain, lack of intestinal borborygmi and abnormal peritoneal fluid when presented to hospital compared with those found in nongeriatric horses [8]. However, the survival of geriatric horses with a strangulating lesion or requiring jejunojejunostomy was not different from that of mature horses with similar lesions, suggesting that age itself did not influence outcome in these conditions. Geriatric horses were, however, less likely to survive surgery for simple obstruction of the large colon, but again this may reflect differences in pathology rather than age per se [9]. Crib-biting has been associated with colonic obstruction [10] and epiploic foramen entrapment [11], while a study in a group of horses with various surgical and medical diagnoses showed that cribbing and windsucking were significantly associated with colic in general but not with any specific form of colic [7]. In the same study, investigators were unable to show any relationship between other repetitive behaviours or an anxious temperament and colic [7]. In this issue, Fielding and others report the results of an investigation of colic in competing endurance horses and examine both causes and outcome [12]. The majority were suffering from ileus or nonspecific colic and...

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Application of the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test for measurement of equine orocaecal transit time

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test

Effects of exercise on gastrointestinal function

On the question of colic: Are answers beginning to emerge?

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Application of the lactose13C‐ureide breath test for measurement of equine orocaecal transit time

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose13C‐ureide breath test

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose13C‐ureide breath test

Effects of exercise on gastrointestinal function

On the question of colic: Are answers beginning to emerge?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Application of the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test for measurement of equine orocaecal transit time

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test

Equine piroplasmosis treatment protocols: Specific effect on orocaecal transit time as measured by the lactose¹³C‐ureide breath test