Application of the Kramers–Kronig relationships in the electrochemical impedance models fit

Luo, Jiancheng; Liang, Xinghua; Zhang, Yuhao; Liang, Chenghua; Yassine, Hassan; Leroy, G.; Carru, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1007/s10008-021-04975-1

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…For linear electronic component systems, the KK relationship for complex impedance is generally satisfied; however, in electrochemical electrode systems, the four conditions under which the KK relationship holds are not always satisfied. Therefore, the reliability of the obtained electrochemical impedance spectra data can be checked by the KK relationship [30][31][32], and based on reliable electrochemical impedance spectral data, one can accurately analyze the physicochemical properties of a system [33]. When a battery is in a quasi-steady state that satisfies the properties of causality, stability, linearity, and finiteness, it can be regarded as a linear system perturbed by small signals, and the real and imaginary parts of the measured impedance should satisfy the KK transformation relationship shown in Equation (3):…”

Section: Reliability Analysis Of Impedance Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS) Variation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Due to Resting Times in the Charging Processes

Li,

Yi,

Dang

et al. 2023

WEVJ

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The electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) is a non-destructive technique for the on-line evaluation and monitoring of the performance of lithium-ion batteries. However, the measured EIS can be unstable and inaccurate without the proper resting time. Therefore, we conducted comprehensive EIS tests during the charging process and at different state of charge (SOC) levels with various resting times. The test results revealed two findings: (1) EIS tests with a constant long resting time showed a clear pattern in the impedance spectral radius—a decrease followed by a slight increase. We analyzed the impedance data using an equivalent circuit model and explained the changes through circuit parameters. (2) We examined the effect of resting time on impedance at consistent SOC levels. While low SOC levels exhibited significant sensitivity to resting time, medium SOC levels showed less sensitivity, and high SOC levels had minimal impact on resting time. The equivalent circuit parameters matched the observed trends. Kramers–Kronig transformation was conducted to assess the reliability of the experiments. This study not only summarizes the relationship between the EIS and SOC but also highlights the importance of resting time in impedance analysis. Recognizing the role of the resting time could enhance impedance-based battery studies, contribute to refined battery status evaluation, and help researchers to design proper test protocols.

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