Application of the Karhunen-Loeve transform to 4D reconstruction of cardiac gated SPECT images

Narayanan, Manoj; King, Michael A.; Soares, E.J.; Byrne, Charles; Pretorius, P. Hendrik; Wernick, Miles N.

doi:10.1109/23.790811

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For instance, to account for detector efficiency, attenuation, and random events (or accidentals), Wernick et al [3]- [5] propose a weighted least squares measure. The quadratic nature of the resulting objective function makes the conjugate gradient minimization algorithm particularly appropriate, which is, in fact, used in [3]- [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [1] and [2], the time sequence of gated three-dimensional (3-D) frames was viewed as a four-dimensional (4-D) image and reconstructed using a penalized maximum-likelihood (ML) technique with space-time Gibbs priors to ensure smoothness in individual images and between frames. An alternative technique based on principal component analysis was developed in [3]- [5]. In that method, the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transformation was applied to the time sequence of gated data sets, and the KL-transformed images were then rapidly constructed frame-by-frame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT

Gilland

Mair

Bowsher

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The primary goal of this work has been to develop a processing method for gated cardiac emission computed tomography (ECT) that simultaneously reconstructs the pixel intensities of the gated images and estimates the motion of the cardiac wall. The simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation is achieved using conjugate gradient optimization with an objective function that is dependent on the gated reconstructed images at two time frames and the estimated motion of the object between the two frames. The method was evaluated on simulated phantom data both with and without Poisson noise. With noise-free data, the accuracy of the motion estimate and the quality of the reconstructed images were found to be dependent on the hyperparameter selection. With noisy data, the simultaneous method produced reconstructed images with smaller squared error compared with images reconstructed without motion estimation. In a patient gated myocardial perfusion study, the estimated motion between two frames agreed with subjective assessment of wall motion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT

Gilland

Mair

Bowsher

et al. 2002

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alternative image reconstruction techniques based on principal component analysis were developed in [3]- [6]. In [3]- [5], the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transformation was applied to the temporal sequence of gated projections, and a small number of KL-transformed images were rapidly computed frame-byframe. Finally, the gated frames were obtained by applying the inverse KL transform.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of images and nonrigid deformations in gated emission CT

Mair

Gilland

Sun

2006

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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In this paper, we propose and test a new iterative algorithm to simultaneously estimate the nonrigid motion vector fields and the emission images for a complete cardiac cycle in gated cardiac emission tomography. We model the myocardium as an elastic material whose motion does not generate large amounts of strain. As a result, our method is based on minimizing an objective function consisting of the negative logarithm of a maximum likelihood image reconstruction term, the standard biomechanical model of strain energy, and an image matching term that ensures a measure of agreement of intensities between frames. Simulations are obtained using data for the four-dimensional (4-D) NCAT phantom. The data models realistic noise levels in a typical gated myocardial perfusion SPECT study. We show that our simultaneous algorithm produces images with improved spatial resolution characteristics and noise properties compared with those obtained from postsmoothed 4-D maximum likelihood methods. The simulations also demonstrate improved motion estimates over motion estimation using independently reconstructed images.

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“…We conclude this section by noting that even though the aforementioned approach is originally designed for imaging of motion-free objects, it has been shown to work very well in reconstructing cardiac image sequences as well, 23 and this is hypothesized 22 to be the case because the principal component model is able to capture the motion information in the form of motion-induced temporal fluctuations of the signal.…”

Section: Principal Component Transformation Of the Dynamic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional (4D) image reconstruction strategies in dynamic PET: Beyond conventional independent frame reconstruction

2009

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In this article, the authors review novel techniques in the emerging field of spatiotemporal four-dimensional (4D) positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction. The conventional approach to dynamic PET imaging, involving independent reconstruction of individual PET frames, can suffer from limited temporal resolution, high noise (especially when higher frame sampling is introduced to better capture fast dynamics), as well as complex reconstructed image noise distributions that can be very difficult and time consuming to model in kinetic parameter estimation tasks. Various approaches that seek to address some or all of these limitations are described, including techniques that utilize (a) iterative temporal smoothing, (b) advanced temporal basis functions, (c) principal components transformation of the dynamic data, (d) wavelet-based techniques, as well as (e) direct kinetic parameter estimation methods. Future opportunities and challenges with regards to the adoption of 4D and higher dimensional image reconstruction techniques are also outlined.

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Application of the Karhunen-Loeve transform to 4D reconstruction of cardiac gated SPECT images

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT

Simultaneous reconstruction and motion estimation for gated cardiac ECT

Estimation of images and nonrigid deformations in gated emission CT

Four-dimensional (4D) image reconstruction strategies in dynamic PET: Beyond conventional independent frame reconstruction

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