Application of the Hansen Solubility Parameters Theory to Carbon Nanotubes

Detriche, Simon; Zorzini, Gwendoline; Colomer, Jean-François; Fonseca, A.; Nagy, J. B.

doi:10.1166/jnn.2008.sw16

Cited by 80 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…This gave a clear peak for solvents with δ T~2 3 MPa 1/2 . This suggests that nanotubes can be treated as a molecule with Hildebrand parameter close to 23 MPa 1/2 , in line with measurements by Detriche et al [20] and Ham et al [56] . However, the peak was not very well defined as many solvents with δ T close to the peak displayed lower than expected nanotube concentrations.…”

Section: Solubility Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition Maeda et al [23] showed that SWNT could be dispersed in mixtures of tetrahydrafuran with various amines. More recently, Detriche et al [20] and…”

Section: Dispersion and Exfoliation Of Nanotubes In Solventsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Various methods to provide this repulsive potential have been explored. Nanotubes have been dispersed and stabilised with the aid of specific solvents [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , acids [25,26] , macromolecules [27][28][29][30] and surfactants [31][32][33][34] as well as through covalent functionalisation strategies [35,36] . Such systems have been characterised by a range of techniques such as atomic force microscopy [37] , infra-red photoluminescence and absorbance spectroscopy [34] , viscometry [25] , small angle neutron scattering [32] to name but a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nanotubes and Graphene

Coleman

2009

Adv Funct Materials

600

536

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Many applications of carbon nanotubes require the exfoliation of the nanotubes to give individual tubes in the liquid phase. This requires the dispersion, exfoliation and stabilisation of nanotubes in a variety of liquids. In this paper we review recent work in this area, focusing on results from the author's group. We begin by reviewing stabilisation mechanisms before exploring research into the exfoliation of nanotubes in solvents, by using surfactants or biomolecules and by covalent attachment of molecules.The concentration dependence of the degree of exfoliation in each case will be highlighted. In addition we will discuss research into the dispersion mechanism for each dispersant type. Most importantly we have compared dispersion quality metrics for all dispersants. From this analysis, we conclude that functionalised nanotubes can be exfoliated to the greatest degree. Finally, we review the extension of this work to the liquid phase exfoliation of graphite to give graphene.

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Section: Solubility Parameterssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition Maeda et al [23] showed that SWNT could be dispersed in mixtures of tetrahydrafuran with various amines. More recently, Detriche et al [20] and…”

Section: Dispersion and Exfoliation Of Nanotubes In Solventsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nanotubes and Graphene

Coleman

2009

Adv Funct Materials

600

536

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“…Analysis based on Hansen solubility parameter has been applied to dispersed nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes 33,61,62 and graphene 25,63 in recent years.…”

Section: S D Ns P S P Ns H S H Ns S Vvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

et al. 2012

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Abstract:We have studied the dispersion and exfoliation of four inorganic layered compounds, WS 2 , We found that the dispersed concentration of each material falls exponentially with  as predicted by solution thermodynamics. This work shows that solution thermodynamics and specifically solubility parameter analysis can be used as a framework to understand the dispersion of 2-dimensional materials. Finally, we note that in good solvents such as 2 cyclohexylpyrrolidone, the dispersions are temporally stable with >90% of material remaining dispersed after 100 hours. ToC figOver the last decade, 2-dimensional nanomaterials have become one of the most studied subfields of nanoscience. These developments have been spearheaded by research into graphene, a material that is unique due to its combination of thermal, electronic, optical and mechanical properties. 1-5 However, over the last few years, it has become clear that a range of other inorganic layered compounds can be mechanically exfoliated in small quantities to give 2-dimensional nanosheets with interesting properties. 6-10 For example, exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride has been used as a dielectric support in graphene-based transistors 11 while MoS 2 has been fabricated into sensors 10, 12 , transistors 13-15 and integrated circuits. 16 The availability of a wide range of 2-dimensional materials is important as it allows access to a broad palette of physical and chemical properties. A good example is provided by the family of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). These materials have the chemical composition MX 2 where M is a transition metal (commonly, but not limited to Ti, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) and X is a chalcogen (i.e. S, Se, Te). As in graphite, these atoms are covalently bonded into nanosheets which stack into 3-dimensional crystals by van der Waals interactions. These materials are of particular interest because, depending on the combination of metal and chalcogen, the material can be semiconducting or metallic. 17 In addition, the bandgap can vary from a few hundred meV to a few eV, 17 suggesting these materials have potential as versatile electronic device materials.Furthermore, these materials have interesting electrochemical properties which make them suitable for applications such as battery electrodes. 18,19 As with graphene, many applications will require relatively large quantities of material suggesting that a solution processing route is required. 20 A number of possibilities exist. For example, it has been known for many years that materials such as MoS 2 can be exfoliated by 3 lithium intercalation. 21 However, such a route tends to result in structural deformations in some TMDs leading to considerably altered electronic properties. 22 Alternatively, TMDs can be synthesised in the liquid phase. 7,8 Probably the simplest route to liquid exfoliation of layered compounds is sonication assisted exfoliation in solvents [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] or aqueous surfactant solutions. 19,[30][31][32] Here, sonication results in the exfoliation of the ...

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“…Thus, the very nature of the SWNTs and their solubility, is also dependent on the sonication time and the identification of a characteristic and unique set of solubility parameters is difficult. In the study of Bergin et al [13], each sample was sonicated for 30mins with ice cooling, whereas in the work of Detriche et al [16,18] . There is thus considerable discrepancy between the studies already reported in literature and it is notable that the types of nanotubes and the preparation conditions very significantly between studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Study of the Dispersion of SWNTs in Organic Solvents

Cheng¹,

Debnath²,

O’Neill³

et al. 2010

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Dispersions of as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a series of organic solvents were prepared by dilution with the aid of tip sonication. Mild centrifugation (~ 945 g) was carried out to remove large bundles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the bundle size decreased as the dispersion was diluted. By measuring the UV-vis-NIR absorption before and after centrifugation as a function of the concentration, the dispersion limit of SWNTs in each solvent can be determined. sonication times increase the amount of SWCNTs debundled and solubilised but do not appear to affect the dispersion limit. However, increased sonication also induces discernible changes to the SWNTs themselves and in itself influences their solubility, under which conditions no clear solubility parameters can be determined.

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Application of the Hansen Solubility Parameters Theory to Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nanotubes and Graphene

Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nanotubes and Graphene

Solvent Exfoliation of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dispersibility of Exfoliated Nanosheets Varies Only Weakly between Compounds

Systematic Study of the Dispersion of SWNTs in Organic Solvents

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