Application of the green analytical procedure index to the simultaneous analysis of co-formulated tinidazole and ciprofloxacin in pure form, tablet dosage form, and human plasma using an environmentally friendly micellar high-performance thin-layer chromatographic technology

Abstract

In individuals with chronic refractory pouchitis and other gastrointestinal disorders, the combination of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tinidazole (TIN) is beneficial and safe. As a result, a green micellar high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) approach for the immediate analysis of TIN and CIP in pure, spiked human plasma, and co-formulated tablet dosage form has been developed. It is rapid, extremely easy, sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The stationary phase was Merck aluminum HPTLC plates covered with silica gel 60 F254, while the mobile phase was acetone–ethanol–2% watery sodium dodecyl sulfate (3:4:2, V/V). For quantification of both medications, the densitometric scanner was set at 310 nm. For TIN and CIP, this chromatographic separation yielded symmetric, compact peaks with RF values of (0.22 ± 0.009) and (0.42 ± 0.007), respectively. At 310 nm, the separated spots were densitometrically scanned. For TIN and CIP, the detection thresholds were 6.7 ng/band and 25.03 ng/band, respectively. For TIN and CIP, the quantification limits were 20.3 ng/band and 75.25 ng/band, respectively. The approach was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) principles and then used to determine the researched medicines in their various pharmaceutical dosage forms, and human plasma yielding an exceptional percent of recovery. In terms of precision and accuracy, the results were in great accordance with the published approach. This method is suitable for the sequential analysis of the two drugs in pure form, tablet dosage forms, and spiked human plasma due to its simplicity, speed, greenness, robustness, and low cost.

TLC-Densitometric Method for Determination of Metronidazole and Tinidazole in Pharmaceutical Preparations

“…Scientific literature describes methods using thin-layer chromatography for the determination of selected 5-nitoimidazole in the presence of another drug, e.g. metronidazole and diiodohydroxychinoline [16], diiodohydroxyquine [17], spiramycin [18], furazolidone [19,20], 2 loperamide [19], tetracycline hydrochloride [21], ciprofloxacin [22], diloxamide furoate [23], clotrimazole [24] as well as tinidazole and clotrimazole [25,26], omeprazole [27], clarithromycin [27], fluconazole [28,29], norfloxacin [30][31][32], ciprofloxacin [33].…”

Sensitive and Cost-Effective TLC-Densitometric Method for Determination of Metronidazole and Tinidazole in Tablets

“…Metronidazole (M), secnidazole (S), ornidazole (O), and tinidazole (T) are drugs commonly used to treat protozoan infestations and infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. The scientific literature describes using thin-layer chromatography methods for the determination of selected 5-nitoimidazole in the presence of another drug, e.g., metronidazole and di-iodohydroxychinoline [16], diiodohydroxyquine [17], spiramycin [18], furazolidone [19,20], loperamide [19], tetracycline Processes 2024, 12, 643 2 of 17 hydrochloride [21], ciprofloxacin [22], diloxamide furoate [23], and clotrimazole [24] as well as tinidazole and clotrimazole [25,26], omeprazole [27], clarithromycin [27], fluconazole [28,29], norfloxacin [30][31][32], and ciprofloxacin [33]. TLC methods presented in the scientific literature are often not fully validated.…”

Green Analytical HPLC Method Development of Acyclovir Loaded Floating Raft Formulation in Spiked Rabbit Plasma

“…DOE restricts unnecessary use of organic solvents, cost effective and high reproducibility. 10,11 The green analytical chemistry tool utilised in this study to develop a non-hazardous, and safe analytical technique to assess the quantity and quality of ACV. 12,13 The green analytical approach is evaluated using the analytical eco scale (AES), green analytical procedure index (GAPI), and the analytical greenness metric (AGREE), along with considerations for cumulative energy demand (CED) and environmental hazard safety (EHS).…”