Application of the Functional-Structural Tree Model LIGNUM to Sugar Maple Saplings (Acer saccharum Marsh) Growing in Forest Gaps

Perttunen, Jari; Nikinmaa, Eero; Lechowicz, Martin J.; Sievänen, Risto; Messier, Christian

doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1489

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The construction of trees proceeded piecewise: first the stem, next the main branches and so on until GO five was reached in B. pendula and GO four in Pinus sylvestris. Modular tree architecture in LIGNUM consists of four structural units that allow the realistic examination of details: tree segment, bud, branching point and axis (Perttunen et al 2001). Needles are considered cylinders surrounding needle-bearing tree segments in conifers, whereas regularly formed leaf blades are connected with petioles to the segments in broadleaved species (Perttunen et al 2001).…”

Section: Crown Architecture Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modular tree architecture in LIGNUM consists of four structural units that allow the realistic examination of details: tree segment, bud, branching point and axis (Perttunen et al 2001). Needles are considered cylinders surrounding needle-bearing tree segments in conifers, whereas regularly formed leaf blades are connected with petioles to the segments in broadleaved species (Perttunen et al 2001). The model's input information can be a partially digitised tree or consist of only a few simple variables: tree height, crown height, diameter at breast height and four competition indices (Rouvinen and Kuuluvainen 1997).…”

Section: Crown Architecture Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiation transmission inside each circular plot was evaluated using the LIGNUM model (Perttunen et al 2001;Sievänen et al 2008). LIGNUM only considers PAR.…”

Section: Modelling Light Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

Lintunen¹

2013

Diss. For.

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The species specific growth patterns make plastic crown architecture respond in different manner to different environments modifying their influence to neighbours. The main aims of this thesis were to separate the effect of neighbour species identity from the abundance, size and proximity of the neighbours in between-tree competition and to link crown architecture with hydraulic architecture by identifying the associated within-tree variation of crown traits.The empirical part of the work was based on digitising three-dimensional (3D) crown architecture and measuring xylem anatomy. Digitising allowed the development of crown architecture models for Betula pendula (Roth.) and Pinus sylvestris (L.). The models were further applied to simulate light transmission in mixed stands.Crown architecture of the studied species responded to increased competition intensity primarily by reducing branch number and size. Proportional biomass distribution to foliage and main branches over the stem increased in young B. pendula with increasing competition intensity, whereas Pinus sylvestris used the opposite strategy. In addition to competition intensity, crown architecture of the studied species showed plastic responses to the species identity of neighbouring trees. Lower overall growth but added height growth indicating stronger competition was found in mixtures of B. pendula and Pinus sylvestris when a tree was surrounded by interspecific neighbours compared to trees surrounded by intraspecific neighbours. Both species-specific effects on resource gradients and nonresource signals remain plausible explanations for this result: B. pendula transmitted more light than Pinus sylvestris at simulated dense stands.Hydraulic architecture was shown to be interlinked with crown architecture as the conduit diameter varied as a function of tree compartment, branching hierarchy, leaf area and distance from the apex.The results suggest that the use of detailed tree structure models and species-specific competition analysis is useful in predicting and understanding growth in mixed boreal stands.

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Section: Crown Architecture Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Crown Architecture Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

Lintunen¹

2013

Diss. For.

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“…As a FSPM to match the data tree structure, we use LIGNUM (Perttunen et al 1996(Perttunen et al , 1998(Perttunen et al , 2001Lu et al 2011). Structurally the model consists of cylindrical segments.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-based stochastic modeling of tree growth and structure formation

et al. 2016

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Data-based stochastic modeling of tree growth and structure formation Potapov I., Järvenpää M., Åkerblom M., Raumonen P., Kaasalainen M. (2016). Data-based stochastic modeling of tree growth and structure formation. Silva Fennica vol. 50 no. 1 article id 1413. 11 p. Highlights• We propose a stochastic version of the tree growth model LIGNUM for producing tree structures consistent with detailed terrestrial laser scanning data, and we provide the proofof-concept by using model-based simulations and real laser scanning data.• Trees produced with the data-based model resemble the trees of the dataset, and are statistically similar but not copies of each other; the number of such synthetic trees is not limited. AbstractWe introduce a general procedure to match a stochastic functional-structural tree model (here LIGNUM augmented with stochastic rules) with real tree structures depicted by quantitative structure models (QSMs) based on terrestrial laser scanning. The matching is done by iteratively finding the maximum correspondence between the measured tree structure and the stochastic choices of the algorithm. First, we analyze the match to synthetic data (generated by the model itself), where the target values of the parameters to be estimated are known in advance, and show that the algorithm converges properly. We then carry out the procedure on real data obtaining a realistic model. We thus conclude that the proposed stochastic structure model (SSM) approach is a viable solution for formulating realistic plant models based on data and accounting for the stochastic influences.

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“…Perttunen et al, 1996Perttunen et al, , 1998Perttunen et al, , 2001. We omit some functions of LIGNUM, e.g.…”

Section: Two-way Communication In the Scots Pine Simulationunclassified

Incorporating Lindenmayer systems for architectural development in a functional-structural tree model

Perttunen¹,

Sievänen²

2005

Ecological Modelling

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LIGNUM is a functional-structural tree model that represents coniferous and broad-leaved trees with modelling units corresponding to the real structure of trees. The units are tree segments, axes, branching points and buds. Metabolic processes are explicitly related to the structural units in which they take place. This paper enhances the modelling capabilities of LIGNUM with the possibility to formally describe the architectural development of trees with Lindenmayer systems. This is achieved by presenting an algorithm to convert tree structures generated by Lindenmayer systems to the LIGNUM representation of trees with feedback of results of events or processes from LIGNUM to Lindenmayer system. We then give two example applications that model the development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and the dwarf shrub bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi L.). Finally we discuss our approach and its consequences for the future development of LIGNUM.

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Application of the Functional-Structural Tree Model LIGNUM to Sugar Maple Saplings (Acer saccharum Marsh) Growing in Forest Gaps

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

Crown architecture and its role in species interactions in mixed boreal forests

Data-based stochastic modeling of tree growth and structure formation

Incorporating Lindenmayer systems for architectural development in a functional-structural tree model

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