Application of the carbon cup atomisation technique in water analysis by atomic-absorption spectroscopy

Abstract

A modified, laboratory-made carbon cup (small-scale Massmann) atomiser is described, with particular reference to the atomic-absorption determination of copper, lead and cadmium in water samples.Several parameters such as sample volume, time and temperature of the atomisation steps, and sample composition, have been investigated. It was found that injection of a 10-pl sample in one portion is the most convenient technique with respect to sensitivity and speed of operation. Addition of EDTA causes an enhancement of sensitivity, which is considerable when determining lead. The adsorption of these elements on the polyethylene containers has also been examined in order to evaluate possible errors that may arise after sample storage.The detection limits are 0.45 ng ml-l of lead, 1-7 ngml-l oi copper and 0.04 ng nil-I of cadmium, and the average precision is f3 per cent. in a single measurement. The method permits the direct and rapid determination of these elements in various water samples, which determinations are frequently required in pollution control.

Optical sensing of biological, chemical and ionic species through aggregation of plasmonic nanoparticles

“…1c, Au NPs were functionalized with 1-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione, which specically binds to melamine via hydrogen bonding, causing aggregation. Li et al 90 developed a viologen sensor based on carboxylatopillar [5]arene stabilized Au NPs, in which viologen molecules induce NP aggregation through host-guest interactions. Colorimetric sensing has also been applied to latent ngerprinting and detection of cocaine using Au NP probes that are coupled with cocaine-specic aptamers (Fig.…”

“…Due to the industrial expansion, tons of toxic chemicals, including pesticides and heavy metal ions, are expelled into our environment every day, causing serious problems to human health via the food chain and exposure from breathing air. 1,2 Various types of traditional sensors, such as gas/liquid chromatography, 3 mass spectrometry 4 and atomic absorption spectroscopy 5 have been widely applied for continuous monitoring of water, and a variety of chemical sensors, biomarkers and capillary-based sequencing, PCR, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplication techniques have oen been utilized in hospitals for DNA-based testing and molecular diagnosis of diseases. [6][7][8] Although these analytical techniques provide accurate quantitative detection, they require complex instrumentation, thereby becoming expensive and time consuming.…”

EDTA as the modifier for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in fish by slurry sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…For example, EDTA was used as the techniques that can be easily adapted to ICP-MS. chemical modifier to improve the signals of Cd and Pb in Electrothermal vaporization ( ETV ) is one of the sample previous ETAAS applications. 15-17 introduction techniques currently employed in ICP-MS. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Most of the methods which exist for determining the This alternative technique to solution nebulization presents concentrations of elements in fish samples involve the digestion several advantages, including improved sensitivity, small of the sample with acid before analysis. 18 The volatile elements sample size requirements and the capability for solids analysis.…”