Application of the 4-Element Movement Model to Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Physical Therapy Practice
Sara Bills,
Julie Skrzat,
Michael A. Tevald
Abstract:The 4-Element Movement Model (4EMM) has been proposed as framework to guide clinical decision making in the physical therapy management of individuals with movement disorders. The model is centered on the primary elements of movement, including motion, force, control, and energy. Clinical application of the model begins with the selection of a movement task, followed by systematic observation of the performance of the task, including control, amount, speed, symmetry, and symptoms provoked during the movement. … Show more
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