Application of surfactants and microemulsions to the extraction of pyrene and phenanthrene from soil with three different extraction methods

Abstract

In the present work, the use of surfactants and oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as alternative extractants in accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyrene and phenanthrene) from soils was investigated. In particular, the effect of each individual component within the microemulsions, i.e., oil phase, surfactant and co-surfactatnt, and extraction conditions on the percentage recovery was systematically studied. When compared to the water and organic solvent, the important findings were that the common surfactant solutions at the concentrations above their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were shown to enhance the percentage recovery at the lower extraction temperature. Moreover, the highest percentage recovery can be obtained using microemulsion as the extractant. The chemical component within the microemulsions and relative amounts of the oil phase appeared to play a much more significant role in ensuring high percentage recovery. Finally, an overall comparison between the percentage recoveries obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ASE using organic solvents, surfactants and microemulsions as extractants was exhibited.

Photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pyrene by iron oxide in solid phase

“…The samples, including the blank (without pyrene) were analyzed by the procedure described in The recovery of the pyrene increased from 61% for 5 mg pyrene/kg ␣-FeOOH to 74% for 25 mg pyrene/kg ␣-FeOOH ( Table 2). The recovery rates appeared to be relatively low, but similar results were reported by other groups [9,30,31]. The standard deviations of each dosage (5 replicates) were low (Table 2), and, therefore, the recovery rate reported in this study indicates that the analytical method used is reliable.…”

Coupling of Anodic Oxidation and Soil Remediation Processes: A Review

“…Unlike synthetic surfactants where the extent of solubility enhancement sharply increases at the CMC, the extent of solubility enhancement is linearly proportional to the concentration of microemulsions [ 13 ]. Sodium castor oil sulfate, fatty ester water non-ionic surfactants (methyl ester from babassus oil and unsaturated fraction of palm oil), 1-butanol oil, and other microemulsions based on vegetable oil have been demonstrated to show higher extraction efficiency for several organic pollutants, especially PAHs and TPHs [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Cyclodextrins (CDs ) : CDs have been proposed as a non-toxic and highly biodegradable alternative to organic solvents and surfactants due to environmental concerns associated with removing PAHs from contaminated soils [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Dialogue and Interpretation--An Interpretive Study of the Translation of Chinese Classic Poem

“…Yandan and other linoleic acid on the different isomers of the physiological activity of the results show that linoleic acid has reduced the role of arterial wall toxicity. Effective prevention of atherosclerosis [2][3][4] . The effects of total linoleic acid on mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied.…”

“…Grapefruit seed oil contains a large number of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, as well as limonin, naringin and other active substances. With development value [7] . These substances in cell repair, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cancer, antibacterial and so has some advantages.…”