Application of sunflower husk, hazelnut shell and walnut shell as waste agricultural fillers for epoxy-based composites: A study into mechanical behavior related to structural and rheological properties

Barczewski, Mateusz; Sałasińska, Kamila; Szulc, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.01.017

Cited by 136 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These morphological characteristics probably result from the crushing process due to the hardness of this type of lignocellulosic particles. A similar morphology has been recently described for other lignocellulosic particles derived from similar crop wastes [12,37]. The size distribution presented in the particle histogram, plotted in Figure 2c, revealed that the particle sizes varied in the range of 1-35 µm whereas the mean size was ~15 µm.…”

Section: Visual Aspect Of Pla/fsf Composite Piecessupporting

confidence: 83%

Valorization of Linen Processing By-Products for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with Improved Performance

et al. 2020

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This work reports the development and characterization of green composites based on polylactide (PLA) containing fillers and additives obtained from by-products or waste-streams from the linen processing industry. Flaxseed flour (FSF) was first produced by the mechanical milling of golden flaxseeds. The resultant FSF particles were melt-compounded at 30 wt% with PLA in a twin-screw extruder. Two multi-functionalized oils derived from linseed, namely epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and maleinized linseed oil (MLO), were also incorporated during melt mixing at 2.5 and 5 parts per hundred resin (phr) of composite. The melt-compounded pellets were thereafter shaped into pieces by injection molding and characterized. Results showed that the addition of both multi-functionalized linseed oils successfully increased ductility, toughness, and thermal stability of the green composite pieces whereas water diffusion was reduced. The improvement achieved was related to both a plasticizing effect and, more interestingly, an enhancement of the interfacial adhesion between the biopolymer and the lignocellulosic particles by the reactive vegetable oils. The most optimal performance was attained for the MLO-containing green composite pieces, even at the lowest content, which was ascribed to the higher solubility of MLO with the PLA matrix. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the potential use of by-products or waste from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) to obtain renewable raw materials of suitable quality to develop green composites with high performance for market applications such as rigid food packaging and food-contact disposable articles in the frame of the Circular Economy and Bioeconomy.

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Section: Visual Aspect Of Pla/fsf Composite Piecessupporting

confidence: 83%

Valorization of Linen Processing By-Products for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with Improved Performance

et al. 2020

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“…Numerous studies focus on the assessment of the impact on the characteristics of the epoxy materials of powder additives, such as: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene; graphite, graphene, graphene nanosheets, fullerenes [23], metal carbides [24], silica [25], hydrated alumina powder [26], or natural filler [27,28]. Additionally, a lot of studies describe the modification of epoxy resin by simultaneously introducing two or more types of powder fillers into the epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Epoxy Composites with Both Powder and Fiber Filler: A Review of Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Matykiewicz

2020

Materials

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Fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are used in various branches of industry because of their favorable strength and thermal properties, resistance to chemical and atmospheric conditions, as well as low specific gravity. This review discusses the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of hybrid epoxy composites that were reinforced with glass, carbon, and basalt fabric modified with powder filler. The modification of the epoxy matrix mainly leads to an improvement in its adhesion to the layers of reinforcing fibers in the form of laminate fabrics. Some commonly used epoxy matrix modifiers in powder form include carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoclay, silica, and natural fillers. Fiber fabric reinforcement can be unidirectional, multidirectional, biaxial, or have plain, twill, and satin weave, etc. Commonly used methods of laminating epoxy composites are hand lay-up process, resin transfer molding, vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding, and hot or cold pressing. The following review is a valuable source of information on multiscale epoxy composites due to the multitude of technological and material solutions.

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“…Biological materials can be used as substitutions of synthetic materials [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Some researchers have dealt with mechanical properties of polymeric composites with a hard filler from various shells [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. This research deals with the utilization of the biological material as the adhesive bond filler based on eggshells in the microparticle form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Static Tests of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Biological Reinforcement in the Form of Eggshell Microparticles

et al. 2020

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The paper is focused on the research of the cyclic loading of hybrid adhesive bonds based on eggshell microparticles in polymer composite. The aim of the research was to characterize the behavior of hybrid adhesive bonds with composite adhesive layer in quasi-static tests. An epoxy resin was used as the matrix and microparticles of eggshells were used as the filler. The adhesive bonds were exposed to cyclic loading and their service life and mechanical properties were evaluated. Testing was performed by 1000 cycles at 5–30% (165–989 N) and 5–70% (165–2307 N) of the maximum load of the filler-free bond in the static test. The results of the research show the importance of cyclic loading on the service life and mechanical properties of adhesive bonds. Quasi-static tests demonstrated significant differences between measured intervals of cyclic loading. All adhesive bonds resisted 1000 cycles of the quasi-static test with an interval loading 5–30%. The number of completed quasi-static tests with the interval loading 5–70% was significantly lower. The filler positively influenced the service life of adhesive bonds at a higher amount of quasi-static tests, i.e., the safety of adhesive bonds increased. The filler had a positive effect on adhesive bonds ABF2, where the strength significantly increased up to 20.26% at the loading of 5–30% against adhesive bonds ABF0. A viscoelasticity characteristic (creep) of the adhesive layer occurred at higher values of loading, i.e., between loading 5–70%. The viscoelasticity behavior did not occur at lower values of loading, i.e., between loading 5–30%.

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Application of sunflower husk, hazelnut shell and walnut shell as waste agricultural fillers for epoxy-based composites: A study into mechanical behavior related to structural and rheological properties

Cited by 136 publications

References 43 publications

Valorization of Linen Processing By-Products for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with Improved Performance

Valorization of Linen Processing By-Products for the Development of Injection-Molded Green Composite Pieces of Polylactide with Improved Performance

Hybrid Epoxy Composites with Both Powder and Fiber Filler: A Review of Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties

Quasi-Static Tests of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Biological Reinforcement in the Form of Eggshell Microparticles

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