Application of spectroscopic techniques for monitoring microbial diversity and bioremediation

Abstract

Microbes are the most fascinating group with huge diversity devising myriad of functional applications in the field of medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental remediation and industries.Quantitative and qualitative determination of biomolecules and microbial assisted phenomenon by spectroscopy is a pioneer approach. It facilitates the study of atomic and molecular geometries, energy levels, chemical bonds and interactions between molecules and microbes. It produces fingerprint of the microbial species serving to characterise, differentiate and identify microorganisms, in both the environment and at single cell level. Spectroscopy based bioremediation techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, force spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy have been very well represented and linked with the microbial applications. This review summarizes the traditional spectroscopic techniques used for the study Downloaded by [University of Nebraska, Lincoln] at 03:46 14 June 2016 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2of microbes and microbial assisted products as well as illustrates its application in the field of microbial diversity and remediation. This will provide an outlook for the intricate characterization and dimension of microbes to be used for effective application in bioremediation.

Self-Assembly-Triggered Cis-to-Trans Conversion of Azobenzene Compounds

“…Azo-C4-L2 can form irregular colloidal suspension in water at pH above 11.0 (Figure S1). Qualitative 1 H NMR measurements − suggest that the photostationary state (PSS) of Azo-C4-L2 system is composed of 75% trans isomer and 25% cis isomer (Figure b, line 2; Figure S2). Upon irradiation with 365 nm UV light, the system can be entirely transformed into the cis isomers (Figure b, line 1; Figure c; and TEM image in Figure S1), which can revert to the PSS state under daylight or thermal relaxation in the dark (Figure c and Figure S3).…”

A Review of Characterization and Quantification Tools for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry: Current and Future Trends

“…Resonance Raman spectra can be utilized to investigate the change in the wavelength of scattered photons from a biofilm . The interaction between the incident light and the vibrational energy levels of the molecules allows for the detection of trace levels of molecules such as lipids, amides, and signatures of proteins, providing the ability to characterize biological deposits . The use of diffused reflection infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy allowed for the easy collection of data from metal disk surfaces and provided an avenue for the development of micro-FTIR probes for industrial deployment.…”

“…The use of diffused reflection infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy allowed for the easy collection of data from metal disk surfaces and provided an avenue for the development of micro-FTIR probes for industrial deployment. The spectra provide data on the chemical composition of the metabolic and corrosion products, including chemical bonding information . As seen in Figure E, in situ ATR-IR spectra are useful in actively corroding media to evaluation composition over time.…”

“…180 The interaction between the incident light and the vibrational energy levels of the molecules allows for the detection of trace levels of molecules such as lipids, amides, and signatures of proteins, providing the ability to characterize biological deposits. 181 The use of diffused reflection infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy allowed for the easy collection of data from metal disk surfaces and provided an avenue for the development of micro-FTIR probes for industrial deployment. The spectra provide data on the chemical composition of the metabolic and corrosion products, including chemical bonding information.…”

“…The spectra provide data on the chemical composition of the metabolic and corrosion products, including chemical bonding information. 181 As seen in Figure 4E, in situ ATR-IR spectra are useful in actively corroding media to evaluation composition over time. This is useful for both detection of MIC activity and fundamental studies for mechanistic evaluation of the corrosion.…”