Application of solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices for the field detection of Gambierdiscus toxins

Self Cite

104

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood (fish and marine invertebrates) contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. The report of a CFP-like mass-poisoning outbreak following the consumption of Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) from Anaho Bay on Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas archipelago, French Polynesia) prompted field investigations to assess the presence of CTXs in T. niloticus. Samples were collected from Anaho Bay, 1, 6 and 28 months after this poisoning outbreak, as well as in Taiohae and Taipivai bays. Toxicity analysis using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) detected the presence of CTXs only in Anaho Bay T. niloticus samples. This is consistent with qPCR results on window screen samples indicating the presence of Gambierdiscus communities dominated by the species G. polynesiensis in Anaho Bay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses revealed that P-CTX-3B was the major congener, followed by P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B in toxic samples. Between July 2014 and November 2016, toxin content in T. niloticus progressively decreased, but was consistently above the safety limit recommended for human consumption. This study confirms for the first time T. niloticus as a novel vector of CFP in French Polynesia.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectus niloticus (Tegulidae, Gastropod) as a Novel Vector of Ciguatera Poisoning: Detection of Pacific Ciguatoxins in Toxic Samples from Nuku Hiva Island (French Polynesia)

Darius

Roué

Sibat

et al. 2017

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104

“…In addition, following cell harvest, the potential presence of toxic compounds in the culture media was also investigated using the protocol described in Roué et al (2018) [70]. To this end, 2 g of HP-20 resin were exposed to each culture medium (200 mL per clonal culture) during 72 h, at room temperature, and under permanent stirring.…”

Section: Cells Harvest and Toxin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, CP risk assessment programs currently conducted in this region primarily focus on the monitoring of the abundance of this key toxin-producing species using species-specific molecular assays [54,56]. At least 11 distinct P-CTX congeners have been previously characterized in this species, namely P-CTX4B, P-CTX4A (52-epi-P-CTX4B), P-CTX3C, P-CTX3B (49-epi-P-CTX3C), M-seco-P-CTX3C methyl acetal, 2-hydroxy-P-CTX3C, 54-deoxy-P-CTX1B, 52-epi-54-deoxy-P-CTX1B, 51-hydroxy-P-CTX3C, M-seco-P-CTX3C, and M-seco-P-CTX4A/4B [24,47,70,71].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variability in the Toxin Production and Toxin Profiles of In Vitro Cultures of Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae) from French Polynesia

Longo

Sibat

Viallon

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The toxin production and toxin profiles were explored in four clones of G. polynesiensis originating from different islands in French Polynesia with contrasted CP risk: RIK7 (Mangareva, Gambier), NHA4 (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas), RAI-1 (Raivavae, Australes), and RG92 (Rangiroa, Tuamotu). Productions of CTXs, maitotoxins (MTXs), and gambierone group analogs were examined at exponential and stationary growth phases using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. While none of the strains was found to produce known MTX compounds, all strains showed high overall P-CTX production ranging from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.7 pg cell−1. In total, nine P-CTX analogs were detected, depending on strain and growth phase. The production of gambierone, as well as 44-methylgamberione, was also confirmed in G. polynesiensis. This study highlighted: (i) intraspecific variations in toxin production and profiles between clones from distinct geographic origins and (ii) the noticeable increase in toxin production of both CTXs, in particular CTX4A/B, and gambierone group analogs from the exponential to the stationary phase.

“…Toxins can be sampled directly from the environment and one approach is solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices [56]. The analogues P-CTX-3B, P-CTX-3C, and 44-methylgambierone (44-MG), but not maitotoxin-1 (MTX-1), were detected by LC-MS/MS after 48 h deployment of the resin at Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia [57]. While this approach offers a potential method for CFP risk assessment in the environment, a disadvantage is that toxin levels retained on the resin cannot be easily converted to toxin concentrations in the environment unless water flow measurements are conducted simultaneously.…”

Section: Sampling For Toxins In Situmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: The Risk from an Aotearoa/New Zealand Perspective

Rhodes

Smith

Murray

et al. 2020

Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa species have been identified in Aotearoa/New Zealand’s coastal waters and G. polynesiensis, a known producer of ciguatoxins, has been isolated from Rangitāhua/Kermadec Islands (a New Zealand territory). The warming of the Tasman Sea and the waters around New Zealand’s northern subtropical coastline heighten the risk of Gambierdiscus proliferating in New Zealand. If this occurs, the risk of ciguatera fish poisoning due to consumption of locally caught fish will increase. Research, including the development and testing of sampling methods, molecular assays, and chemical and toxicity tests, will continue. Reliable monitoring strategies are important to manage and mitigate the risk posed by this emerging threat. The research approaches that have been made, many of which will continue, are summarised in this review.