Application of Signal Detection Theory to Prose Recall and Recognition in Elderly and Young Adults

Gordon, Susan K.; Clark, W. Crawford

doi:10.1093/geronj/29.1.64

Cited by 80 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Assuming that the ''old'' and ''new'' words in the Retrieval condition are represented by separate distributions on a familiarity dimension [Parks, 1966], the age difference in dЈ suggests that these distributions are more widely separated for young adults than for older adults, yielding better discrimination of ''old'' and ''new'' words by young adults. Although agerelated decline is typically greater in magnitude when tested by recall than by recognition [Craik and McDowd, 1987], age differences have been obtained previously with recognition testing [Gordon and Clark, 1974;Madden, 1986;Perlmutter, 1979], and the present finding of an age-related deficit in memory discrimination is consistent with these previous reports. The near-zero value of log ␤ for the two age groups indicates that both age groups were using a relatively neutral response criterion in evaluating the familiarity of the words in the Retrieval condition.…”

Section: Recognition Memory Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory

et al. 1999

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Adult age differences are frequently observed in the performance of memory tasks, but the changes in neural function mediating these differences are largely unknown. We used (H2)15O positron emission tomography (PET) to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) during Encoding, Baseline, and Retrieval conditions of a recognition memory task. Twelve young adults (20-29 years) and 12 older adults (62-79 years) participated. During each task condition, participants made a two-choice manual response to each of 64 words. Analyses of the performance data yielded evidence of age-related slowing of encoding and retrieval processes, and an age-related decline in the accuracy of yes/no recognition (d'). The rCBF activation associated with both encoding and retrieval was greater for older adults than for young adults, but this pattern was more clearly evident for memory retrieval. For young adults, rCBF activation during retrieval occurred primarily in right prefrontal cortex, whereas older adults exhibited a more bilateral pattern of prefrontal activation. Regression analyses predicting reaction time in the memory task from regional PET counts confirmed that the neural system mediating memory retrieval is more widely distributed for older adults than for young adults. Both age groups exhibited some decrease in rCBF activation in the second half of the test session, relative to the first half. The practice-related decrease in rCBF activation was more prominent for young adults, suggesting that the older adults' recruitment of additional neural systems reflects a more continual allocation of attention to support task performance.

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Section: Recognition Memory Performancesupporting

confidence: 92%

Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory

et al. 1999

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“…Unlike previous findings (e.g., Botwinick & Storandt, 1974;Craik, 1971;Erber, 1974;Gordon & Clark, 1974) Craik, 1975;Horn, 1975;Kausler, 1970 Canestrari, 1968;Craik, 1975;Denney, 1974;Eysenck, 1974;Horn, 1975;Hulicka & Grossman, 1967;Hulicka & Weiss, 1965;Hultsch, 1969, indicated, however, Canestrari, 1968;Eysenck, 1974;Hulicka & Grossman, 1967;Hultsch, 1969Hultsch, , 1971 Eysenck, 1974;Hultsch, 1969Hultsch, , 1971 …”

Section: Memory Problemscontrasting

confidence: 63%

What is memory aging the aging of?

Perlmutter¹

1978

Developmental Psychology

285

179

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“…Some studies have failed to find age differences at any propositional level (e.g., Cavanaugh, 1984;Mandel & Johnson, 1984); some have found poorer performance at all levels (Stine & Wingfield, 1987;Surber, Kowalski, & Pena-Paez, 1984;Tun, 1989); and still others have found poorer memory for gist with memory for details intact (Cohen, 1979;Gordon & Clark, 1974). Attempts to reconcile these disparate findings have focused on such characteristics as verbal ability (Adams, 1991;Cavanaugh, 1983;Meyer & Rice, 1981;Rice & Meyer, 1986;Stine & Wingfield, 1987;Taub, 1979;Zacks, Hasher, Doren, Hamm, & Attig, 1987), motivation (Dixon & Hultsch, 1983), study methods (Ratner, Schell, Crimmins, Mittelman, & Baldinelli, 1987), personal meaningfulness (Adams, 1991), passage characteristics (Kemper, i987;Stine & Wingfield, 1987;Tun, 1989), and instructional set (Byrd, 1985;Simon et al, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

Kramer

Kahlbaugh

1994

J Adult Dev

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Age differences in adults' processing of a dialectical or nondialectical prose passage were explored. Twenty young and 20 older adults read a dialectical or mechanistic passage and were tested for free recall and recognition after a 30-min delay (filled with vocabulary and paradigm belief scale). Older (vs. young) adults had significantly lowei" formistic and mechanistic scores and showed greater relative preference for relativistic and dialectical beliefs (paradigm scale). There were no age differences in amount of free recall or number of correct responses (hits) on recognition, but older adults produced more spontaneous dialectical distortions in recall of the mechanistic passage and more paradigm-congruent false alarms on recognition. There was also a move from absolute toward dialectical thinking on the paradigm scale and, among males, on the recognition measure. Dialectical scores (paradigm scale) were positively correlated, and mechanistic scores negatively correlated, with number of dialectical distortions on free recall (mechanistic passage), while dialectical scores were positively correlated with number of dialectical false alarms (dialectical passage).

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Application of Signal Detection Theory to Prose Recall and Recognition in Elderly and Young Adults

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory

Adult age differences in the functional neuroanatomy of verbal recognition memory

What is memory aging the aging of?

Memory for a dialectical and a nondialectical prose passage in young and older adults

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