“…Various synthesis methods have been reported for their synthesis, in which the multicomponent reactions of ammonium acetate, malononitrile, acetophenone, and aldehydes are the most important synthesis routes. A wide range of multicomponent syntheses have been reported by different catalysts, including: Boric acid sulfate nanocatalysts 21 , HBF 4 22 , microwave facile 23 , Amberlyst-15 24 , salicylic acid 4 , MNPs CoFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -SO 3 H 25 , nano solid magnetic acid, Fe 3 O 4 26 , Fe 3 O 4 @g-C 3 N 4 -SO 3 H 27 , Fe 3 O 4 @SiO2@(CH 2 ) 3 NH 28 , (CH 2 ) 2 O 2 P(OH) 2 29 , poly N,N-dimethylaniline-formaldehyde 30 , Copper Nanoparticles on Charcoal 31 , Fe 3 O 4 @Niacin 32 , Bu 4 N + Br -18 , Cu@imineZCMNPs 17 . However, simpler and milder methods for their synthesis are still valuable.…”