Application of Running Average Function to Non-Dispersive Errors of Network-Based Real-Time Kinematic Positioning

Lim, Samsung; Rizos, Chris; Musa, Tajul Ariffin

doi:10.5081/jgps.7.2.148

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Dispersive component typically exhibits rapid changes with high variations due to the effect of free electrons in the ionosphere [12], [13] and [14]. On the other hand, non-dispersive component changes slowly and smoothly over time due to the characteristic behavior of the tropospheric and orbit biases [11]. In the case of 10-20km reference station spacing, the orbit bias should not have an impact on the performance of NRTK.…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no satellite obstructions above horizon, and therefore multipath effect can be neglected. Generally, VRS corrections can be separated into dispersive and non-dispersive components [11]. Dispersive component typically exhibits rapid changes with high variations due to the effect of free electrons in the ionosphere [12], [13] and [14].…”

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Network-Based RTK GPS in Low-Latitude Region: A Case Study in Thailand

Charoenkalunyuta¹,

Satirapod²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Thailand has established a Network-based Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) GPS system using the Virtual Reference Station (VRS) concept since 2008. Currently, the Thai NRTK consists of 11 reference stations located in the central part of Thailand with averaged reference station spacing at 60 km. A previous test suggested some problems with the low rate of ambiguity-fixing and the large number of position jumps even when the ambiguity-fixed solutions could be obtained. In this paper, the position performance of NRTK is tested with a large number of GPS observations (31 consecutive days) and different reference receiver spacing, 10-20, 30-50, 50-60 and 60-80 km, with the use of all available Continuous GPS (CGPS) stations in the central part of Thailand. Test results indicate that the NRTK positioning performance is degraded when the reference station spacing is increased. It is also found that the ionospheric bias is the main error source that affects the performance of NRTK in Thailand. Even with the 10-20km reference station spacing, reliable ambiguity-fixed solutions could hardly be obtained during the period of high ionospheric variation. Thus, it is recommended that the reference station spacing should be kept less than 30km. In order to achieve the reliable NRTK solutions especially in low-latitude region like Thailand, the ionospheric bias should be properly handled.

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Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Network-Based RTK GPS in Low-Latitude Region: A Case Study in Thailand

Charoenkalunyuta¹,

Satirapod²,

Lee³

et al. 2012

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“…Extensive research based on NRTK GNSS positioning performances has been conducted and pointed out that the obtained positioning accuracy and reliability directly are due to distances between nearest GNSS CORSs or its triangulation network, also known as a loop [6] and [7]. This similar performance test has also been studied in Thailand led by Charoenkalunyuta et al, [8] and by applying VRS retrieved from the early stage of DOL GNSS CORS network containing 11 stations in practice, whereas its NRTK coverage is within Bangkok metropolitan region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometric and Statistical Assessments on Horizontal Positioning Accuracy in Relation with GNSS CORS Triangulations of NRTK Positioning Services in Thailand

2023

IJG

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Thailand has implemented GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) Positioning services collaborated by several government agencies and universities for various applications. This research includes 114 GNSS CORSs; providing 143 triangle loops and covering 63 provinces nationwide, to determine and analyse the obtained horizontal positioning accuracy and their ground station geometries. Triangulation networks are categorised in terms of shapes and baseline distances. Well- and ill-conditioned triangles are defined in accordance with different baseline lengths. The horizontal positioning accuracy is computed using static and NRTK positioning determinations whilst static positioning results are defined as the ground truth. Student's T tests are used to ensure the significance of calculated results according to each test case. The results show obtained horizontal positioning accuracies are within the specified accuracy of less than 4 centimetres and do not show any significant differences based on the defined significant level of 0.05. This GNSS CORS triangulation network geometry scheme does not influence the computed horizontal positioning accuracy obtained from NRTK-Virtual Reference Station (VRS) GNSS positioning services; however, the positioning accuracy is still directly due to distances between nearest GNSS CORS or its triangulation network, therefore, further suggestions are provided.

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“…Ambiguity resolution is an analytical procedure to determine the integer cycle of the GPS phase observations (Shariff et al, 2009). Due to the aforementioned fact, ambiguity resolution is essential, in which failure or incorrect resolution could lead to the degradation of the quality of solution (Lim et al, 2020). It is for this reason that NRTK has been accepted widely as a capable technique in providing highly accurate coordinate from GNSS measurement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Accuracy Assessment of the Network Real-Time Kinematic Techniques for Geodetic and Plane Coordinates

Din¹,

Bakar²,

Zulkifli³

et al. 2021

ASMScJ

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Virtual Reference Station (VRS), Master-Auxiliary Corrections (MAX) and Individualised Master-Auxiliary Corrections (IMAX) are among the Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) techniques supported by Malaysia Real-Time Kinematic GNSS Network (MyRTKnet) in rendering network-based solution to users. However, different network corrections have different limitations due to different manufacturers hence offering varieties output. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the accuracy of VRS, MAX and IMAX for geodetic and plane coordinates. Three (3) techniques were implemented to observe points at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and cadastral lot in Johor Bahru. The results were analysed based on assessment with known values and baseline lengths. The findings showed that the accuracy of all techniques ranged from 0.16 to 3.61 cm (horizontal) and 2.86 to 6.20 cm (vertical) for geodetic coordinates. For plane coordinates, the values varied from 0.3 to 4.22 cm (horizontal) and 2.1 to 8.26 cm (vertical). IMAX provided the worst accuracy compared to others due to incompatibility of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) format. Moreover, the accuracy decreases as the baseline length between rover and reference station increases. In conclusion, VRS and MAX yielded acceptable accuracy and can be safely chosen rather than IMAX. Furthermore, the baseline length for applications involving high accuracy measurement should also be considered.

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Application of Running Average Function to Non-Dispersive Errors of Network-Based Real-Time Kinematic Positioning

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Performance of Network-Based RTK GPS in Low-Latitude Region: A Case Study in Thailand

Performance of Network-Based RTK GPS in Low-Latitude Region: A Case Study in Thailand

Geometric and Statistical Assessments on Horizontal Positioning Accuracy in Relation with GNSS CORS Triangulations of NRTK Positioning Services in Thailand

Accuracy Assessment of the Network Real-Time Kinematic Techniques for Geodetic and Plane Coordinates

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