“…For reliability analysis of stochastic structures, surrogate models such as: the response surface method [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]; support vector machine (SVM) [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]; kriging model [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]; artificial neural network (ANN) [ 16 ], etc., have all been employed in various industries. One efficient method with good robustness used for the approximation of nonlinear functions and small samples is, least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR), which is a widely used application in structural reliability analysis.…”