Application of Remote Sensing Optical Properties of Ship Wakes at Sea Area out of Dalian Harbor

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for computation of artificial vector fields that allows a robot to converge to and circulate around generic curves specified in n-dimensional spaces. These vector fields may be directly applied to solve several robotnavigation problems such as border monitoring, surveillance, target tracking, and multirobot pattern generation, with special application to fixed-wing aerial robots, which must keep a positive forward velocity and cannot converge to a single point. Unlike previous solutions found in the literature, the approach is based on fully continuous vector fields and is generalized to time-varying curves defined in n-dimensional spaces. We provide mathematical proofs and present simulation and experimental results that illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach. We also present a methodology for construction of the target curve based on a given set of its samples.

A study on the development and trend of COLREGs – A broader perspective

“…For crew members, what is more important is the actions and timing taken in successful collision avoidance cases (Zhang and Zhao, 2013). Therefore, while these interpretations of the moment at which the COLREGs begin to apply may have some value, they cannot provide definitive guidance for crew members in collision avoidance. Zhang (2007) and others (Xin, 2006; Salinas et al., 2012; Zhang and Tang, 2021), based on the collision avoidance experience of crew members in practice, interpreted some controversial terms in the COLREGs, such as risk of collision, close-quarters situation, shall not impede, and not under command, and so on. They pointed out that when referring to and interpreting the terms and provisions of the COLREGs in navigational practice, it is necessary to not only consider the intention of the regulators but also to comprehensively evaluate the actual operations of the crew members in dealing with various complex collision avoidance situations.…”