Application of Remote Sensing and GIS for Groundwater Recharge Potential Zone Mapping in Upper Betwa Watershed

Abstract

Groundwater is unevenly distributed and limited in hard rock terrains. The study has been carried out using remote sensing and GIS to delineate the potential recharge zones of ground-water in upper Betwa watershed, Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The different thematic layers viz; geology, lineament density, soil, slope, land use/land cover (LU/LC) and drainage density were prepared for assessment of groundwater recharge potential in the area. District Resource Map (DRM) of Geological Survey of India (GSI) 2002 has been used for geological study. SRTM Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was used to obtain the slope. LANDSAT-8 OLI data has been processed for lineament density and LU/LC analysis. Survey of India toposheets were used for drainage density analyses and National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning Nagpur (NBSS&LUP) map used for soil study. Weightage has been given to parameters in thematic maps as per the relative influence of each parameter in the groundwater recharge. Rating to each class of parameters was given as per there relative significance in groundwater recharge. Finally, groundwater recharge potential map has been prepared by overlaying all thematic maps in terms of the weighted index overlay (WIO) method. The output map has been further classified into three zones (i) low ground-water potential zone (121.80 km2) (ii) moderate groundwater potential zone (387.78 km2) and (iii) high groundwater potential zone (173.35 km2). The output results were validated by plotting the specific yield data and groundwater level of selected wells in delineated groundwater recharge potential zones using GPS locations. It has been seen that most of the groundwater productive wells functioning in the area is falling in high and moderate groundwater recharge potential zone.

Mapping Groundwater Potential for Irrigation, by Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques: A Case Study of District Lower Dir, Pakistan

“…Lineaments are markers of faults and fractures in subsurface regions, inducing the existence of groundwater acting as canals and reservoirs [27]. In an area, lineament density can eventually expose the potential of groundwater, subsequently, the lineament presence usually indicates permeable zones [49].…”

“…The resulting data were reclassified using reclassify tool in arc map into five higher weight values allocated to high rainfall class because of its potential to recharge the acquirers (Figure 5c). Rainfall distribution and slope gradient easily influence the infiltration of runoff water, and consequently enhance the chances of groundwater potential zones [27,36].…”

“…Remote sensing has emerged as cost-efficient and faster alternative for spatial data collection, and hold potential for land surface characterization, wide-range scale of the spatiotemporal observation distribution, measuring, monitoring, and protecting factors regulating groundwater resources, therefore, their use in hydrogeological studies is rapidly expanding [19,25,26]. Satellite imageries data provides rapid and beneficial reference information on parameters including geology (rocks), topography (earth surface), LCLU and guidelines, control generation, and flow of groundwater [27,28]. The integrated utilization of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) are being widely used for groundwater prospecting, as remote sensing offers good functionality for mapping the groundwater recharge area, and can differentiate and identify various structures including rocks, vegetation, and water [29].…”

Impact of Geological Controls on Change in Groundwater Potential of Recharge Zones due to Watershed Development Activities, Using Integrated Approach of RS and GIS

“…The morphology and related properties of the Eru river Basin-a micro-watershed of Mahi river, Rajasthan were identified and analyzed using GIS and Image processing techniques by Shaikh & Birajdar (2015). Substantial work has been done in applying geospatial techniques in the investigation and delineation of the groundwater potential areas (Magesh et al, 2012;Senanayake et al, 2016;Ahmed, 2016;Ahirwar et al, 2020).…”

Development of different hydrogeological influencing thematic layers and groundwater potential zones of Deo river watershed of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, India

“…Groundwater flow and distribution are governed by a number of elements, including rock types and geological qualities, elevation, , landform patterns, land use/land coverage patterns, drainage networks and climatic conditions. A GIS overlay analysis based on drainage density, lineament, slope, Land use / land cover (LULC), and geology was used to create the groundwater potential zone [1].…”