Application of quinoline derivatives in third-generation photovoltaics

Abstract

Among many chemical compounds synthesized for third-generation photovoltaic applications, quinoline derivatives have recently gained popularity. This work reviews the latest developments in the quinoline derivatives (metal complexes) for applications in the photovoltaic cells. Their properties for photovoltaic applications are detailed: absorption spectra, energy levels, and other achievements presented by the authors. We have also outlined various methods for testing the compounds for application. Finally, we present the implementation of quinoline derivatives in photovoltaic cells. Their architecture and design are described, and also, the performance for polymer solar cells and dye-synthesized solar cells was highlighted. We have described their performance and characteristics. We have also pointed out other, non-photovoltaic applications for quinoline derivatives. It has been demonstrated and described that quinoline derivatives are good materials for the emission layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and are also used in transistors. The compounds are also being considered as materials for biomedical applications.

Ultrasound-assisted transition-metal-free catalysis: a sustainable route towards the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

“…Recognizing the widespread appearance of quinolines and their analogues in the core skeleton of a variety of natural compounds and potential synthetic bioactive products, the efficient construction of this moiety has drawn immense interest in the area of medicinal and organic chemistry over the last few decades. Their versatile pharmacological application [117][118][119] including antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiprotozoal, anti-HIV, antitubercular, etc., and materials science applications [120][121][122][123] like photovoltaic cells, photographic plates, and OLEDs have sparked interest in the development of an efficient methodology for their successive construction and subsequent functionalization. [124][125][126] The Rajanna group has demonstrated the synergic combination of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCTA) with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an effective Vilsmeier-Haack (VH) reagent for the ultrasound-assisted cyclization of acetanilides to form the substituted quinolines in high yield within 35-95 minutes (Scheme 27).…”

“…Their versatile pharmacological application 117–119 including antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiprotozoal, anti-HIV, antitubercular, etc. , and materials science applications 120–123 like photovoltaic cells, photographic plates, and OLEDs have sparked interest in the development of an efficient methodology for their successive construction and subsequent functionalization. 124–126…”

Through‐Space Conjugated Electron Transport Materials for Improving Efficiency and Lifetime of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

“…The tailor‐made folded molecules ( f ‐Pn‐6‐Ql and f ‐Pn‐3‐Ql) are created by connecting two electron‐deficient quinolines to the 9,10‐positions of polycyclic planar phenanthrene that has intrinsic high E T of over 2.7 eV ( Figure A). [ 10 ] Delightfully, it is found that the μ e s of both through‐space conjugated folded molecules are about three orders of magnitudes higher than their linear counterparts ( l ‐Pn‐6‐Ql and l ‐Pn‐3‐Ql). What is more, the OLEDs fabricated with f ‐Pn‐6‐Ql as ET layers can attain not only better EL efficiencies but also longer operational lifetime than the device using l ‐Pn‐6‐Ql as ET layer.…”

Environmentally Benign Approaches towards the Synthesis of Quinolines

“…Quinoline can also be called as 1‐azanaphthalene, 1‐benzazine or benzopyridine [9,10] . Quinoline and its derivatives are important nitrogen containing heterocycles due to their broad spectrum of biological activities [11] as well as their applications in material science [12] …”