Application of polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic reactive extraction to the catalytic oxidation of cyclic olefins

The opposite effect of temperature on polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems versus aqueous biphasic extraction chromatographic resins

“…The technetium tracer (as NH 4 99 TcO 4 in 0.1 M NH 4 OH) was obtained from Amersham Life Science Inc. (Arlington Heights, IL, USA) and used as received. Technetium-99 activities were determined using Ultima Gold Scintillation cocktail and a Packard Tri-Carb 1900 TR Scintillation Analyzer (Packard Instrument Co. Inc., Meridien, CT, USA).…”

“…Here we will refer to these respectively, as: (a) polymer-polymer, (b) polymer-salt, and (c) salt-salt ABS. The driving force behind separation in a polymer-salt ABS is not completely understood, although phase separation may be due to water structuring and the partial dehydration of the polymer chain within the two phases [1,2,4]. Recently, a wide range of applications of the polymer-salt ABS in the separation of organic molecules, metal ions, radiochemicals, and the recovery of nanoparticulate matter and minerals have been demonstrated [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…ABS may be thought of as relatively benign separation media since they are made of water and rather innocuous polymers such as PEG. Thus, the use of ABS in place of traditional solvent extraction systems has attracted some attention in the field of "green chemistry" [4]. Unlike other "neoteric solvents" such as ionic liquids, the toxicity for a range of PEG molecular weights has been studied in more detail and indeed, many have been approved by the FDA for consumption [14][15][16].…”

(Liquid+liquid) equilibrium of aqueous biphasic systems composed of 1-benzyl or 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids and inorganic salts

“…In addition, other inherent benefits should be remarked such as economical and lower energy requirements, mild operating conditions, rapid phase disengagement, and easy scale-up, which make this technique more competitive [6][7][8]. Due to these advantages, ABSs have been recognized as a useful procedure for the separation of organic chemicals and biocompounds with industrial interest, ranging from alkaloids to cyclic olefins [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Polyethylene Glycol‐Bonded Tetraethyl Ammonium Hydroxide ([PEG‐TEA]OH): A New Surfactant‐Combined Base Catalyst for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones in Water

“…Recently, polymer‐supported catalyst used as reagents and scavengers have drawn attention of researchers, because of their unique advantages such as simple workup procedures, economical‐friendliness and ease of use in industrial processes . This is not a false claim if we say that among the different polymers used as support, the polyethylene glycol is one of the best choices for the preparation of a sustainable catalytic system due to its unique properties such as nontoxicity (they are commercially approved for food and biomedical utilizations, particularly in the field of drug discovery), non‐halogenated composition, easy biodegradability, readily availability at cheaper cost, high stability against oxidizing as well as reducing agents,, bases and acids ,. Moreover, facile recoverability of polyethylene glycols due to their unique solubility profile in combination with their ability to act as a surfactant to provide a proper reaction medium for organic compounds in water makes them deserving candidates for the preparation of new surfactant‐combined catalytic systems for the conduction of organic reaction in water –…”