Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to promote the development of veterinary drugs with high efficacy and safety

Abstract

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have become important tools for the development of novel human drugs. Food‐producing animals and pets comprise an important part of human life, and the development of veterinary drugs (VDs) has greatly impacted human health. Owing to increased affordability of and demand for drug development, VD manufacturing companies should have more PBPK models required to reduce drug production costs. So far, little attention has been paid on applying PBPK models for the development of VDs. This review begins with the development processes of VDs; then summarizes case studies of PBPK models in human or VD development; and analyzes the application, potential, and advantages of PBPK in VD development, including candidate screening, formulation optimization, food effects, target‐species safety, and dosing optimization. Then, the challenges of applying the PBPK model to VD development are discussed. Finally, future opportunities of PBPK models in designing dosing regimens for intracellular pathogenic infections and for efficient oral absorption of VDs are further forecasted. This review will be relevant to readers who are interested in using a PBPK model to develop new VDs.

Effectiveness of sarolaner in the clinical management of furuncular myiasis in dogs naturally infested with Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Cuterebridae)

“…The isoxazolines are a novel class of ectoparasiticides with inhibitory activity on glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channels located in nervous system of invertebrates [ 4 ]. Isoxazoline compounds such as fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and lotilaner are labeled for the treatment and control of fleas and ticks in dogs and cats.…”

“…Isoxazoline compounds such as fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and lotilaner are labeled for the treatment and control of fleas and ticks in dogs and cats. Additionally, effective off-label use of several isoxazolines has been reported for the treatment of mange mites in different animal species and primary myiasis caused by the New World screw worm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax , and the Old World screw worm, Chrysomya bezziana , in dogs and cats [ 4 – 7 ]. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sarolaner as part of the clinical management of furuncular myiasis in dogs naturally infested with D. hominis larvae.…”

Brucellae as resilient intracellular pathogens: epidemiology, host–pathogen interaction, recent genomics and proteomics approaches, and future perspectives

“…In terms of sensitivity, specificity, time, and cost, nanotechnology has been proved to be a more efficient diagnostic tool. Metal nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and nanocrystals are among the nanomaterials employed in veterinary diagnostics and therapies ( 232 ). Hybridization assays based on metal nanoparticles are simple to set up and can be read visually via a color shift caused by plasmonic interactions between the probes, so they are interesting approaches for diagnostic purposes.…”