Application of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood in comparison to ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) in driving aptitude assessment (DAA)

Schröck, Alexandra; Pfäffli, Matthias; König, S.; Weinmann, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/s00414-016-1394-4

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…EtG in hair by LC–MS/MS was performed with a fully validated method according to the guidelines of the German Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh) with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3 pg/mg . The linearity was obtained from 1 pg/mg to 300 pg/mg (r=0.9989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair after exposure to chlorinated swimming pool water

Luginbühl

Nussbaumer

Weinmann

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The direct alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is widely used for the assessment of alcohol consumption behavior and abstinence monitoring by hair analysis. We investigated the influence of chlorinated swimming pool water on EtG concentrations in hair in comparison to deionized water (Milli-Q) containing no chlorine. EtG concentrations were measured with a validated online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method. EtG positive hair samples were obtained from 3 regular drinkers and incubated for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours at room temperature. EtG concentrations in hair were reduced after 2 hours of incubation in chlorinated water by 20 ± 12% (range: 4-33%), in deionized water by 24 ± 5% (range: 18-29%). Incubation for 10 hours resulted in a decrease in EtG concentrations of 57 ± 6% (range: 52-65%) for chlorinated water and 47 ± 11% (range: 32-60%) for deionized water. To demonstrate washout in forensic hair samples, 20 samples from subjects with known alcohol consumption behavior were investigated additionally. The samples were divided into 2 strands and analyzed with incubation in chlorinated water for 10 hours and for comparison without any incubation. A mean decrease of 53 ± 18% (range: 26-88%) was observed. These results clearly demonstrate that washout effects are caused by water and have a significant impact on EtG concentrations in hair. For people with hair that are regularly exposed to water for a longer period (eg. swimmers), washout effects may lead to a significant decrease of EtG concentrations in hair. Concentrations may fall below threshold concentrations used for the interpretation of consumption habits (7 pg/mg for social consumption, 30 pg/mg for excessive consumption).

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decrease of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair after exposure to chlorinated swimming pool water

Luginbühl

Nussbaumer

Weinmann

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are marked Individual differences in the degradation half‐life of PEth. Schrock et al data indicated that subjects who had ingested a single dose of alcohol sufficient to produce a calculated BAC of 0.10 g/100 mL had a PEth elimination half‐life of 3 days, and Javors et al determined a PEth half‐life of 4.6 days. Helander et al found a mean half‐life of 6.1 days.…”

Section: The Peth Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

Ulwelling¹,

Smith²

2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

120

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Testing for phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a relatively new tool for detecting and grossly quantifying a person's use of alcohol in a variety of security, medical, and legal environments. The basic chemistry of PEth is explained with a particular focus on factors that make it highly suitable as a biomarker for alcohol use in such situations. This article meets the need for a literature review that synthesizes PEth laboratory findings and suggests updated guidelines for interpretation. Several ethanol biomarkers have been used for detection or monitoring alcohol use but have significant limitations. Based on this review, the authors propose three guidelines for evaluating PEth values: Light or no Consumption (<20 ng/mL), Significant Consumption (20-199 ng/mL), and Heavy Consumption (>200 ng/mL). These guidelines are important in employment and security environments, but also have applicability in such diverse activities as alcohol treatment programs, organ transplant decisions, and monitoring impaired medical professionals.

show abstract

“…PEth also has a potential in driving aptitude assessment (DAA) as additional marker to EtG in hair, which is the most frequently routinely used direct marker for the detection of excessive alcohol consumption and also for abstinence monitoring in this context (Kharbouche et al, 2012). In a recent study, the classification into drinking groups (abstainers, moderate drinkers and excessive drinkers) according to EtG concentrations in hair corresponded to the detected PEth values in blood in 68 % of the tested samples (Schröck et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessing phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels reflecting different drinking habits in comparison to the alcohol use disorders identification test – C (AUDIT-C)

Schröck

Wurst

Thon

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In addition to monitoring problematic or harmful alcohol consumption, drinking experiments indicated the potential of phosphatidylethanols (PEth) in abstinence monitoring. To date, no profound evaluation of thresholds for the differentiation of abstinence from moderate drinking and for detection of excessive consumption based on PEth homologues exists. Investigations with a large group of healthy volunteers (n=300) were performed to establish PEth reference values reflecting different drinking habits. Blood samples were analyzed for PEth 16:0/18:1 and 16:0/18:2 by online-SPE-LC-MS/MS method. Results were compared to AUDIT-C questionnaires, to the amounts of alcohol consumed during the two-weeks prior to blood sampling, and were statistically evaluated. PEth concentrations were significantly correlated with self-reported alcohol consumption (r>0.69) and with AUDIT-C scores (r>0.65). 4.0% of 300 volunteers reported abstinence (AUDIT-C score: 0), no PEth was detectable in their blood. PEth 16:0/18:1 concentrations below the limit of detection of 10.0ng/mL match with abstinence and light drinking habits (≤10g pure alcohol/day). However, some volunteers classified as "excessive alcohol consumers" had negative PEth results. In the group of volunteers classified as "moderate drinkers" (AUDIT-C score: 1-3 (women) and 1-4 (men)), 95% of the test persons had PEth 16:0/18:1 ranging from not detected to 112ng/mL, and PEth 16:0/18:2 ranging from not detected to 67.0ng/mL. Combination of self-reported alcohol consumption and AUDIT-C score showed that negative PEth results match with abstinence or light drinking. Moderate alcohol consumption resulted in PEth 16:0/18:1 from 0 to 112ng/mL and for PEth 16:0/18:2 ranged from 0 to 67.0ng/mL. Higher PEth concentrations indicated excessive alcohol consumption.

show abstract

Application of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in whole blood in comparison to ethyl glucuronide in hair (hEtG) in driving aptitude assessment (DAA)

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Decrease of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair after exposure to chlorinated swimming pool water

Decrease of ethyl glucuronide concentrations in hair after exposure to chlorinated swimming pool water

The PEth Blood Test in the Security Environment: What it is; Why it is Important; and Interpretative Guidelines

Assessing phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels reflecting different drinking habits in comparison to the alcohol use disorders identification test – C (AUDIT-C)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About